Cafes Monte Case Essay

The company located in Milan, Italy. It was found by Mario Salvetti as a manufacturer and distributor of premium finest coffees. The company faces a hard decision that may affect their future. The company wants to know whether or not they should keep working in the same investing. An important meeting was there among the top management team’s members to discuss the future of the company. The company’s performance was good in 2000. Profit was shown at the financial statement. Giacomo Salvetti the CEO of the company needs to decide which to choose as the business strategy for the company: 1) Keep working in the premium coffee market. 2) Transfer to the private brands market. The current capacity of the coffee production in 2000 was 350,000 K/M , with added additional capacity of 150,000K/M. The cost of the additional units was 6 billion liras. More facts about the profitability and the liquidity were required beside the cash flow and the profit plan to quantify strategic alternatives and to help in making this decision. The idea of changing was not easy to the CEO to accept without a clear image of the financial consequences. The report was provided by the marketing manager showed that the premium market is very volatile. On the other hand, the private brands market is more stable. (Full capacity at the price of 8,800 liras). Price is lower in the private market than the premium. The volume is depending of the number of retailers. ( Every additional retailer need at least 500,000 K/Y). The report was provided by the manufacturing director showed that costs are different in each amount of the volume and quality of beans. These costs include the cost of beans, labor and fixed cost. The company is able to save 65% of selling costs, 75% of R&D costs and 50% of administrative costs, if they choose the private brands market.(Director of strategic planning). Private brands’ retailers will pay slowly- 90 days instead of 30 days. (Financial officer). I took the sales price as the current price 8,800 liras. Most of the expenses are decline compare to what they were in 2000 beside also the profit. Marketing expenses were no longer there because the marketing percentage became 0% in this volume of the private market. The reason of having this decline is the gross margin of the private market comparing to the margin of the premium market. Sales price and cost in private market are less than what they are in the premium market. Cash flows are not stable during the year. It looks vary from quarter to another. In the cash flows, the retailers will pay in 90days (3months) period of time as what it is in the private market. The cash opining was 50% in the first month and 25% in next 2 months. The other expenses were divided by the 12 months equally. Variable and selling costs are showing in page(5). I don’t recommend the full transition to private market. The profit will be lower than what it is even if it is less volatile. There is no reason for the company to lose its premium market if the profit is low, too. I would support the chance of mixing the premium and the private markets together, because of the profitability there.

Specialization in Undergraduates

Brady Brajavich Specialization: does it belong in higher education? Some say yes, because it creates much more intelligent individuals in their respective fields. Others say no, because without the liberal arts, individuals will lack the necessary skills to succeed in today’s work environment. Both sides have well supported arguments, and often when one begins to think they’ve made a decision on which they agree with, they are swayed the other way. After reading, â€Å"Should Undergraduates Specialize? † by Patrick Allit, and, â€Å"Liberal Arts: A Practical View. by Mark Jackson, I have formed my opinion and what I feel like is a suitable answer to the question above. I believe that students should have a choice. If they feel like they’re ready to dive into what they know they want to do, let them. But if the student feels like they aren’t one hundred percent sure, they should be able to take a wide variety of courses that allow them to eventually choose a major to specialize. Patrick Allitt is the author of the essay, â€Å"Should Undergraduates Specialize? † In this essay he compares and contrasts his own experiences in college with those of his college-bound daughter.By comparing the two, he provides evidence to his belief that having the option to specialize as an undergraduate will benefit students. This is shown in his conclusion, â€Å"Students with the right frame of mind thrive on studying diverse subjects until they’re ready, sometimes at age twenty or older, to make a stronger commitment. But let’s get rid of the idea that liberal arts is for everyone. America’s commitment to equality and to universal education is noble and invigorating. But it shouldn’t mean that one size fits all† (Allitt 7).Here Patrick is summarizing his essay, and essentially says that liberal arts may benefit some students, but there is a certain percentage that would prefer to get busy with their ma jor and specialize. Mark Jackson, a graduate from the University of Cincinnati, thinks that all students should take some liberal arts courses to supplement their professional education, but not because they are forced too, but because they want to. Jackson wrote his essay on why he thinks students, â€Å"†¦question the reasoning behind a liberal arts education† (Jackson 233).Jackson stands behind the belief that educating students on why a liberal arts education is important is just as vital as actually teaching them the liberal arts. He says that, â€Å"If educators really want to increase the number of liberal arts courses that each student takes, they must first increase the popularity of such studies† (235). In other words, no student wants to take a class that they don’t see a point for taking. He backs his statements up by using personal experiences. Jackson explains how he had an argument with his high school counselor because he didn’t want to take a third year of Spanish. I was an A student in Spanish II, but I hated every minute of the class†¦ I told him that I took two years of a foreign language so that I would be accepted to college, but that I did not want to take a third year† (234). In response to his argument, his counselor would reply that he needed to be a â€Å"well-rounded student†, which is exactly why Jackson is so adamant in his reasoning. In relation to that response, Jackson wraps up the essay by saying, â€Å"It is difficult to persuade some college students that becoming a better person is an important goal of higher education.Many students want a college education so that they can make more money and have more power† (235). To finish, he reiterates his point; if students don’t see a point in the taking the course, they won’t want to sign up for it. In the two preceding essays, the two authors give their arguments on where they think specialization belongs in t he education system. Allitt states that having a choice on whether or not to specialize as an undergraduate, and not deal with the liberal arts can be a benefit to students.Jackson believes that students should want to take liberal arts courses, and that if educators want students to do so, they have to do a better job of explaining why they are important and making the courses more attractive. A point of common ground for the two authors, based on the previous statements, is that specialization is important. Without it students will be at a disadvantage. There isn’t an exact point of disagreement between Allit and Jackson. They both outline the pros and cons throughout their essays. That being said, there are differences.Allit is more in favor of specialization, â€Å"The early specialization†¦enabled us to learn one discipline really well, to become far more deeply engaged with it than was possible for our American counterparts† (Allitt 6), but at the same time, understands why a liberal education can be beneficial, â€Å"Its (specialization) great and equal drawback was that it forced some students to choose too soon, before they were ready† (6). Jackson thinks that students should want to take liberal courses to complement their vocational studies. Towards the end of his essay, Jackson ays that, â€Å"Students who want to make the most of their college years should pursue a major course of study while choosing electives or a few minor courses of study from the liberal arts† (Jackson 235). I believe that students should have an option to specialize. Being able to dive right in as an undergrad can be hugely beneficial, and allow a student to separate themself from the rest of the competition. The liberal arts can do the same thing. Specializing brings depth of knowledge and a different, higher level of understanding, while the liberal arts allow students to increase the width of their knowledge. The irony of the emphasis bein g placed on careers is that nothing is more valuable for anyone who has had a professional or vocational education than to be able to deal with abstractions or complexities, or to feel comfortable with subtleties of thought or language, or to think sequentially† (Cousins 31). Jackson used this quote in his essay and I absolutely love it. If I had to back up my opinion with any one statement, this would be it. Vocational education is useless without being able to think abstractly and think on the go, while being able to think abstractly and on the go is useless without a vocational education.Personally, I’d take Jackson’s advice: go right into professional studies, but take classes I felt would make me a more attractive hire. I say that because the reason why I’m in college is so I can get a good-paying job to support myself and one day a family. In order for me to do that, I’m going to have to do all I can to distinguish myself from the group. The u niversity has the intention to do that, but it’s damn near impossible for them to know what is best for each individual student. All of my academic career, I’ve been told that I was being prepared for college, and I was, but now I want to put those tools into practice.Being told what classes to take, and what classes will make me a better student isn’t letting me use what I’ve learned, and is suppressing my ability to make my own decisions. In essence, we’re big kids now. We should have to and want to make the big kid decision on whether or not taking a GEO 106 class will benefit us. Guidance is always welcome, and without the help and suggestions from our advisors we’d be lost, especially as freshman, but that doesn’t mean I should have to take a class that won’t help me achieve my life goals. But some students don’t have the know-how or motivation to take necessary liberal classes, so the university has to force studen ts to take them. † My roommate made this point to me while we were talking about my essay, and I imagine there are many others that feel the same way. My response is this, if a student has yet to take responsibility of his or her own academic career, are they really deserving of a degree? If they can’t make their own decisions on something as simple as which supplementary classes to take, how are they going to function once they hit the real world?Or rather when the real world hits them? Another fantastic argument brought to my attention was: how are students that choose to not specialize right off the bat going to keep up with the ones that do? At this point in every student’s life, we need to stop thinking of us as a whole. We are individuals, and just because Rafiki doesn’t know what to do with his life doesn’t mean the rest of us should suffer. I firmly believe that college marks the beginning of adulthood and the toned-down real world, which me ans that we all as students need to take more responsibility for our own lives.Specialization: does it belong in higher education? I say yes†¦ as long as it is balanced with proper liberal courses. Specialization can give a student essential skills and an intense education that can help them get the edge on someone else competing for the same job, and the liberal arts only increases one’s attractiveness. For all those naysayers out there, I just ask you respect what I have to say, to take my views into consideration, and, as the noble Andre 3000 once said, â€Å"Lend me some suga. I am your neighbor. †

Writing Project 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Writing Project 2 - Essay Example The text is written in a way to criticize one’s self. Before anyone could call him an idiot or sick he calls himself ill-minded. The context of the song is the over popular rap image of hip hop artists. In today’s world, TV and media has made the youngsters believe that good life is about making money and doing drugs because that is what the superstars do. It is called the celebrity lifestyle. And everyone seem to join that club. It is just a smoke screen and people are wasting their lives, dreaming about that dream that someday they will have lots of money like those superstars they see on TV and then they will have ‘fun’. Hopsin 5 addresses this ‘fun’ in this song and trues to make a mockery of the vision it generates in people’s minds. Asking â€Å"Is that all you think life really is?† (Hopsin 5, 2012). It is very hard to find the subtext in this song. Rap songs are generally very explicit and there are usually not many hidden meanings. The general idea behind a rap song is ‘being real’ and not hypocritical; saying what you mean exactly how you mean it. Hopsin 5 does exactly that. He is trying to wake up his generation who in his opinion are like zombies. Their brain cells are rotting because of drugs and pop culture. At the start of the song Hopsin says this addressing the ‘kids’ he sees on the street. He says he has become a freak for those kids who stare at them. But in fact Hopsin 5 is observing them when they talk about cursing school and dropping out of school. Later in the song he addresses the same issue of dropping out and says that many kids are in school because their parents send them there, it is not their choice. Referring to a gift they have but they don’t appreciate. Hopsin 5 was not as famous as some of the rap superstars like Snoop Dog, Eminem or Jay Z. He starts his song by saying that he doesn’t like rap and shows his disgust. But he raps only b ecause it works, it delivers the message and more importantly he can â€Å"if the shoe fits, wear it". It is very hard to say that Hopsin was a credible figure at the time he released this song and that his image and his personality would have ‘sold’. He calls himself a freak that the kids stare at him, only to make him more difficult to agree with. Pathos of Hopsin 5’s argument is very strong. In fact it is the single most powerful aspect that actually convinces the listeners that what he has to say is the truth. It is the pathos (the emotional appeal) that has got him over 32 million views for his song on YouTube (Hopsin 5, 2012). He puts his heart in the song and its shows. Other than the context, subtext and intertextuality, the video shows him persuasively and even aggressively talking or even ‘rap lecturing’ some ‘kids’ (kids is a just a slang for youngsters, the age group can range from 13-30) who are doing drugs and acting †˜cool’. The song is filled with second person narrative. The word ‘you’ has been used extensively, for each and every listener of the song. And that makes the emotional exorcism even stronger. The listener immediately starts to analyze himself. The target is the kids that are hooked to hip hop and ‘you’ is used to give them the rap lecture. This ‘you’ is the main weapon of the pathos as Hopsin 5 delves into what ‘your’ image of a fantastic life is. He shows ‘you’ the mirror and rephrases the dreams these kids cook up; to sell drugs so they can make them lots of money, and showing their bullet scars as trophies and that it is fun to live life like that. In the song he talks to this girl who is pregnant. He tells him that she is pregnant because it’s her own fault. All that glitters is not gold. If girls go to the

Cutural Belief Systems among Societies Formed and Transformed through Essay

Cutural Belief Systems among Societies Formed and Transformed through the New Mass Medium - Essay Example This exposure of vioporn to the media has also been attributed to the increasing cases of criminal sexual behavior such as rape. Feminist organizations, hence, have expressed their concern on the negative effects of vioporn on men’s behavior towards women. As a result issues such as sexism have occurred as a function of violent pornography (vioporn). Violent pornography in the media websites has been widely associated with anti-woman thoughts and acts. Hence the attitude of men towards women is major cultural factor affected by vioporn. Therefore, the effects of people getting exposed to vioporn have remained elusive. According to liberalist views, violent pornography has led to negligible negative effect as well as beneficial effects to the society’s culture. Therefore there is the need to define the extent to which pornography can be violent and beneficial or violent and harmful. According to the conservatives, the negative effect of vioporn on individual cultural val ues as well as social institutions and evidence implying changes is considered significant. Despite the finding of the three groups that is the radical feminist, conservatives and the liberalist, there is lack of reliable findings applicable to the issue. News-based websites have popularized violent behavior in the society whereby vioporn is one of such behavior. The manner in which this topic is treated both in news and entertainment by such websites has often been highly sensitive, irresponsible and totally inaccurate. Some of these websites include Yahoo News, Google News, and MSNCB News among others. These various websites tend to portray vioporn and suggest targeting selected viewers, mostly adults. The websites as well have been flooded with images of females who are usually victims, prey or even targets of the effect of such vioporn. Today the society has been saturated by such news as vioporn to the extent that they are viewed as normal behavior despite the consequences. As a result of such presentations the society has increasingly become used to such views and watching them has become part of leisure time activity. With the increasing technological developments, individuals tend to plug to media websites in order to establish who they are. Thus it is much of what is in the media that determines the individual behavior. Owing to this, the issue of watching vioporn is no doubt what will be an obvious part of human beings’ leisure activity. The media is becoming increasingly influential through its various websites to an extent that it provides the individual’s cultural training ground. Today most of what people practice in their daily chores is acquired from what they view in the mass media. Website Analysis The Business Insider is a website that mainly focuses on news related to business, entertainment, lifestyle, science and technology, sports and local news. The site is a favorite spot for catching on international news especially for those interested in the business and entertainment worlds. In an article written by Nicholas Carlson, the website reveals with considerable seriousness the level to which Yahoo, as a news-based website, hosts hardcore porn while advertising products on the same page. The article entitled Yahoo Hosts Hardcore Porn And Sells Ads Against It –Â  Advertisers React With "Outrage", demonstrates using a picture the kind of media content that yahoo presents besides its news (Carlson par 1).

Introduction and Executive summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction and Executive summary - Essay Example However, the architectural marvels and the grounds of the park fell into a state of disrepair in the eighties of the past century. The existing state of affairs has forced the authorities to have a relook at the best way to utilise the space. The site is optimally suitable for mixed use development of utilities/ structures type that can stand on their own but will undoubtedly benefit from the other product types within the development. Thus, the development team has arrived at the conclusion that the construction of office tower surrounded by smaller buildings housing a myriad of different retail uses and restaurants would utilise the site in the best possible way. Also minimum alterations would be done to some of the existing paths and walkways that contribute greatly to the overall character. Overall structure is planned in such a way so that the office building, which will be the centrepiece of the construction, would be placed in the centre so as to pull people inside. As per our estimates, mixed use development of the site would cost $79,905,200. While construction of residential structures would cost around $20,067,000, construction of office/hotel and industrial/retail structures and industrial/retail structure would cost around $74,000,000 and $21,990,600 respectively. Above incurred expenditure is forecasted to deliver an income of $18,301,356 / year. From residential structures alone the income is pegged at around $ 16,463,928. Income from office/hotel is forecasted at around $13,247,600 while that from industry/retail is estimated to be around $4,789,828. Utopia Development is keen to develop this site since its development coincides with the company’s aim of promoting the overall usability and utility of specific areas while also retaining its historical flavour. Utopia Development not only has the will and experience to do

Analysis a passage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Analysis a passage - Essay Example ther support his claim, the author asserts that it is the presence of material gain that largely influences the association of people in the production endeavor. Their activities are geared towards an acceptable exchange that sustains livelihood. The only thing that keeps on changing is the forms of association exhibited by men. The reasons presented by the writer take into consideration the reality of the world and people in it. They address the real situation which depicts humans exhibiting the addressed behavior. Cooperation for acquisition of some benefits that are shared on agreed terms is a common thing. Therefore, what the author puts forward is trustworthy and realistic evidence. When men want to fulfill their needs and acquire something, they show cooperation with one another. That is not refuted. This passage explains to the people in the world how their relationships are structured. It helps them understand and evaluate their relationships for the sake of their gains. This is in accordance with the principle of genuineness in their associations. This implies that while engaging in the production of life, utmost honesty is

Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Scholarship Essay Example To make matters worse, soon after my divorce, I had to move back in with my parents only to have to face a family tragedy. My parents died within 18 months of each other soon after. They left behind a sizable debt which I now have to contend with paying. All of these amount to me coming to my wits end. How will it be possible for me to continue with my life and honor my financial obligations if I do not have the kind of job that will allow me the kind of income to do so? After much soul searching, I finally found the answer. I decided to quit my job of nine years in order to save what I could of the little money that my parents left me to spend on pursuing the completion of my Business Administration degree. I felt like I had no choice but to resign from my job because it was not really serving its full purpose as a significant source of income for my family needs and financial obligations now that my parents were no longer around to help me out financially. Some people may say I am stupid for leaving a job that was paying me, even if it was only a pittance. But then again, holding on to that job was preventing me from retraining myself in order to achieve a higher goal. My full concentration is now set on completing my college degree and eventually pursuing an MBA. However, my finances are still quite strapped, which is why I have come to the Neal, Thomas James, and Lynnie Rice Neal Scholarship foundation for help. With a GPA of 3.75, I realize that I will be in a cut-throat competition with the other applicants. But the foundation will not be sorry if the scholarship is awarded to me. I know the value of a good education because I am the only member of my family to ever attend college. And I fully intend to use every opportunity that I can in order to achieve the greatness in life that I know I was meant for. All I am asking for, is a helping hand. I am hoping that your foundation will be one to give me the leg up that I need to get

Big Lipped Parents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Big Lipped Parents - Essay Example Placing plates on a girl’s lips causes physical injury. It leads to the sagging of the lips, hence damaging her physical appearance. This practice, therefore, should be perceived as a form of child abuse because it causes physical injury. Moreover, sagging of the lips causes emotional harm. When admitted to school, the girl may undergo a lot of emotional stress because her peers may segregate her. According to Kathleen, a practice that causes emotional harm to a child is usually considered a form of child abuse (62). Finally, logically speaking, planting plates on a girl’s lips does not make her attractive. Despite it being culturally accepted, it causes more harm than good to the child. Fontes asserts that the harm that culture causes, physical and emotional, makes it a form of child abuse (16). As their neighbor, I would talk to their daughter to talk to her parents. I would tell her to inform them of the emotional suffering that they would inflict on her. She should also emphasize the possibility that emotional suffering might affect her grades. As a result, she should tell them that she would prefer to stay at home rather than being demeaned at school. This might help change their stance if they care for their daughter (Fontes

Victim Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Victim Interview - Essay Example interviewee provided information that matches with the nature of his work during the accident, date, time, the magnitude of the injury and the aftermath. In September 2010, an employee whose name will remain withheld was going about his normal duties at his usual work place. As a mansion at a construction site, the interviewee’s responsibilities included pushing, lifting, carrying, pulling and throwing variety of objects at work. A track had offloaded several building blocks some few meters from the construction site on the day of accident. At this stage of construction, the major building works were happening in the second floor of the same building. This implied that some of the workers had to carry the bricks physically to the second floor. This task involved bending or squatting to reach for the brick, lifting, the block and then transferring it to an appropriate position of the body, preferably on the shoulders. The interviewee would then carry the load on his shoulders as he climbs up the stairs up to the second floor. Upon reaching the destination, he would transfer the load from the shoulder into his hands before caref ully lowering it to the ground. The interviewee started on well and was registering encouraging progress as manifested by the diminishing number of bricks at the site of the offload. However, as time went elapsed and the number of trips increased, most of the employees started showing signs of exhaustion. My interviewee began to feel pain in his back, shoulders, waist and knees but the pressure from his supervisors to get the job finished was overwhelming. Although the job was later completed, my interviewee was taken to the hospital after he collapsed due to the immense pain he encountered from the slave like task. He complained of general body pains but especially on the shoulders, back, waist and the knees. The incident that happened on 2 September 2010 led to the sustenance of immense injuries on the body. The interviewee’s body had

Themes, Motifs and Symbols for the Twelfth Night Essay Example for Free

Themes, Motifs and Symbols for the Twelfth Night Essay Twelfth Night is a romantic comedy, and romantic love is the play’s main focus. Despite the fact that the play offers a happy ending, in which the various lovers find one another and achieve wedded bliss, Shakespeare shows that love can cause pain. Many of the characters seem to view love as a kind of curse, a feeling that attacks its victims suddenly and disruptively. Various characters claim to suffer painfully from being in love, or, rather, from the pangs of unrequited love. At one point, Orsino depicts love dolefully as an â€Å"appetite† that he wants to satisfy and cannot, at another point; he calls his desires â€Å"fell and cruel hounds†. Olivia more bluntly describes love as a â€Å"plague† from which she suffers terribly. These metaphors contain an element of violence, further painting the love-struck as victims of some random force in the universe. Even the less melodramatic Viola sighs unhappily that â€Å"My state is desperate for my master’s love.† This desperation has the potential to result in violence—when Orsino threatens to kill Cesario because he thinks that Cesario has forsaken him to become Olivia’s lover. Love is also exclusionary: some people achieve romantic happiness, while others do not. At the end of the play, as the happy lovers rejoice, both Malvolio and Antonio are prevented from having the objects of their desire. Malvolio, who has pursued Olivia, must ultimately face the realization that he is a fool, socially unworthy of his noble mistress. Antonio is in a more difficult situation, as social norms do not allow for the gratification of his apparently sexual attraction to Sebastian. Love, thus, cannot conquer all obstacles, and those whose desires go unfulfilled remain no less in love but feel the sting of its absence all the more severely. The Uncertainty of Gender Gender is one of the most obvious and much-discussed topics in the play. Twelfth Night is one of Shakespeare’s so-called transvestite comedies, in which a female character—in this case, Viola—disguises herself as a man. This situation creates a sexual mess: Viola falls in love with Orsino but cannot tell him, because he thinks she is a man, while Olivia, the object of Orsino’s affection, falls for Viola in her guise as Cesario. There is a clear homoerotic subtext here: Olivia is in love with a woman, even if she thinks he is a man, and Orsino often remarks on Cesario’s beauty, suggesting that he is attracted to Viola even before her male disguise is removed. This latent homoeroticism finds an explicit echo in the minor character of Antonio, who is clearly in love with his male friend, Sebastian. But Antonio’s desires cannot be satisfied, while Orsino and Olivia both find tidy heterosexual gratification once the sexua l ambiguities and deceptions are straightened out. Yet, even at the play’s close, Shakespeare leaves things somewhat murky, especially in the Orsino-Viola relationship. Orsino’s declaration of love to Viola suggests that he enjoys prolonging the pretence of Viola’s masculinity. Even after he knows that Viola is a woman, Orsino says to her, â€Å"Boy, thou hast said to me a thousand times / Thou never should’st love woman like to me.’’ Similarly, in his last lines, Orsino declares, â€Å"Cesario, come— / For so you shall be while you are a man; / But when in other habits you are seen, / Orsino’s mistress, and his fancy’s queen.† Even once everything is revealed, Orsino continues to address Viola by her male name. We can thus only wonder whether Orsino is truly in love with Viola, or if he is more enamoured of her male persona. The Folly of Ambition The problem of social ambition works itself out largely through the character of Malvolio, the steward, who seems to be a competent servant, if prudish and dour, but proves to be, in fact, a supreme egotist, with tremendous ambitions to rise out of his social class. Maria plays on these ambitions when she forges a letter from Olivia that makes Malvolio believe that Olivia is in love with him and wishes to marry him. Sir Toby and the others find this fantasy hysterically funny, of course—not only because of Malvolio’s unattractive personality but also because Malvolio is not of noble blood. In the class system of Shakespeare’s time, a noblewoman would generally not sully her reputation by marrying a man of lower social status. Yet the atmosphere of the play may render Malvolio’s aspirations less unreasonable than they initially seem. The feast of Twelfth Night, from which the play takes its name, was a time when social hierarchies were turned upside down. That same spirit is alive in Illyria: indeed, Malvolio’s antagonist, Maria, is able to increase her social standing by marrying Sir Toby. But it seems that Maria’s success may be due to her willingness to accept and promote the anarchy that Sir Toby and the others embrace. This Twelfth Night spirit, then, seems to pass by Malvolio, who doesn’t wholeheartedly embrace the upending of order and decorum but rather wants to blur class lines for himself alone. Motifs Letters, Messages, and Tokens Twelfth Night features a great variety of messages sent from one character to another—sometimes as letters and other times in the form of tokens. Such messages are used both for purposes of communication and miscommunication—sometimes deliberate and sometimes accidental. Maria’s letter to Malvolio, which purports to be from Olivia, is a deliberate (and successful) attempt to trick the steward. Sir Andrew’s letter demanding a duel with Cesario, meanwhile, is meant seriously, but because it is so appallingly stupid, Sir Toby does not deliver it, rendering it extraneous. Malvolio’s missive, sent by way of Feste from the dark room in which he is imprisoned, ultimately works to undo the confusion caused by Maria’s forged letter and to free Malvolio from his imprisonment. But letters are not the only kind of messages that characters employ to communicate with one another. Individuals can be employed in the place of written communication—Orsino repeatedly sends Cesario, for instance, to deliver messages to Olivia. Objects can function as messages between people as well: Olivia sends Malvolio after Cesario with a ring, to tell the page that she loves him, and follows the ring up with further gifts, which symbolize her romantic attachment. Messages can convey important information, but they also create the potential for miscommunication and confusion—especially with characters like Maria and Sir Toby manipulating the information. Madness No one is truly insane in Twelfth Night, yet a number of characters are accused of being mad, and a current of insanity or zaniness runs through the action of the play. After Sir Toby and Maria dupe Malvolio into believing that Olivia loves him, Malvolio behaves so bizarrely that he is assumed to be mad and is locked away in a dark room. Malvolio himself knows that he is sane, and he accuses everyone around him of being mad. Meanwhile, when Antonio encounters Viola (disguised as Cesario), he mistakes her for Sebastian, and his angry insistence that she recognize him leads people to assume that he is mad. All of these incidents feed into the general atmosphere of the play, in which normal life is thrown topsy-turvy, and everyone must confront a reality that is somehow fractured. Disguises Many characters in Twelfth Night assume disguises, beginning with Viola, who puts on male attire and makes everyone else believe that she is a man. By dressing his protagonist in male garments, Shakespeare creates endless sexual confusion with the Olivia-ViolaOrsino love triangle. Other characters in disguise include Malvolio, who puts on crossed garters and yellow stockings in the hope of winning Olivia, and Feste, who dresses up as a priest—Sir Topas—when he speaks to Malvolio after the steward has been locked in a dark room. Feste puts on the disguise even though Malvolio will not be able to see him, since the room is so dark, suggesting that the importance of clothing is not just in the eye of the beholder. For Feste, the disguise completes his assumption of a new identity—in order to be Sir Topas, he must look like Sir Topas. Viola puts on new clothes and changes her gender, while Feste and Malvolio put on new garments either to impersonate a noble man (Feste) or in the hopes of becoming a nobleman (Malvolio). Through these disguises, the play raises questions about what makes us who we are, compelling the audience to wonder if things like gender and class are set in stone, or if they can be altered with a change of clothing. Mistaken Identity The instances of mistaken identity are related to the prevalence of disguises in the play, as Viola’s male clothing leads to her being mistaken for her brother, Sebastian, and vice versa. Sebastian is mistaken for Viola (or rather, Cesario) by Sir Toby and Sir Andrew, and then by Olivia, who promptly marries him. Meanwhile, Antonio mistakes Viola for Sebastian, and thinks that his friend has betrayed him when Viola claims to not know him. These cases of mistaken identity, common in Shakespeare’s comedies, create the tangled situation that can be resolved only when Viola and Sebastian appear together, helping everyone to understand what has happened. Symbols Olivia’s Gifts When Olivia wants to let Cesario know that she loves him, she sends him a ring by way of Malvolio. Later, when she mistakes Sebastian for Cesario, she gives him a precious pearl. In each case, the jewel serves as a token of her love—a physical symbol of her romantic attachment to a man who is really a woman. The gifts are more than symbols, though. â€Å"Youth is bought more oft than begged or borrowed,† Olivia says at one point, suggesting that the jewels are intended almost as bribes—that she means to buy Cesario’s love if she cannot win it. The Darkness of Malvolio’s Prison When Sir Toby and Maria pretend that Malvolio is mad, they confine him in a pitch-black chamber. Darkness becomes a symbol of his supposed insanity, as they tell him that the room is filled with light and his inability to see is a sign of his madness. Malvolio reverses the symbolism. â€Å"I say this house is as dark as ignorance, though ignorance were as dark as hell; and I say there was never man thus abused.† In other words, the darkness—meaning madness—is not in the room with him, but outside, with Sir Toby and Feste and Maria, who have unjustly imprisoned him. Changes of Clothing Clothes are powerful in Twelfth Night. They can symbolize changes in gender—Viola puts on male clothes to be taken for a male— as well as class distinctions. When Malvolio fantasizes about becoming a nobleman, he imagines the new clothes that he will have. When Feste impersonates Sir Topas, he puts on a nobleman’s garb, even though Malvolio, whom he is fooling, cannot see him, suggesting that clothes have a power that transcends their physical function.

Database Management System for Car Company

Database Management System for Car Company STRATEGY ANALYSIS DESCRIPTION OF CURRENT BUSINESS ACTIVITIES INTRODUCTION DMC is a Dedicated cars company that is specialized in Car sales business, and it was established Four years ago in 7th May 2005, and its main name stands for Dedicated Motor Cars and its main division is in Tripoli Libya, it is a company with many high workers and skilled employees working on it as they are sharing the same ambition, and always aiming for the best in their business, in both to improve their employees skills and also to provide the best services to their dear customer. DMC is really working hard to achieve a new improvement in their business every year, also to get the most popular and successful cars to get them, and for the best prices to its customers, as they are also filling their case show with a good collection in each month. As for this month they got a very promising collection of new cars that just released this year, and old ones but got well comments from millions of people who tried them, this collection will be for this year as in this time its the companys season time for the business. Current System The current system of my company is going like this, each day we are improving, and as I can see now we are well known as 1 of the top 20 Private companies in Libya, and we are also known in the other continents as well. We are also not restrict with only 1 nationality as we are offering jobs, because our company contains employees from different nationality as we have some of them in the main division and some other are in our different offices around the globe. DMC has a good budget as overall, and it is improving, also the customers are so pleased with our services in general, and our economical prices. That includes that we are always taking care of our employees in terms of payment and to keep them improving by sending them to take courses in different kind of fields. Although we are doing a pretty good job in this business field and improving by a good rate percentage every year, but we are really facing some of the major problems in our business, the main problem is that we are facing a new changes and new challenges in our business, also we have other competitors companies in the countries we are doing this business and selling our cars and making our different services. Problem Background Effects of it So our main problem actually includes semi problems that we should take care of them so we can solve the main problem, which is we really need to move on with our services with the technology we are facing these days in doing those kind of business to make it better, faster, and easier. And 1st of all is our own system in the company, because it is still not well organized as an strong infrastructure and we also need a well studied design model for this infrastructure for our company. Thats where I planned to made a Special database system to our company, which will be including our employees, our daily customers for each season, and our sales of cars on this season on as well covered by the invoice section of the company, and some specific information about our shipment idea and its fee and coverage services. The good thing is that with this new system we will be able to make a clear and direct relational between all the sections mentioned above and make a really strong infrastructure for the company plus to be able to store information and data more sufficiently. In this segment I would like to give you an idea about the goals and aims that we are aiming to achieve and they are: Improve the business even much further, to reach a new level of development. Reduce the paper work as we had a lost of some data from time to time. To always keep up with the other contenders companies so we wont lose our customers. Secure our data in a sufficient way. Provide a system where it is easy to get data for any of our customers. Improvement of production to satisfy the customers needs. Easy access to database and information used by employees. Remove barriers to widen its production by improving sales procedure and reducing costs. Hardware and Software Necessity These are all the hardware requirements needed Minimum Requirements Processor 2 Gigahertz (GHz) Pentium IV-Intel processor or Higher. Memory 512 MB of RAM or Higher. Hard Disk 900 MB of available space required on the system drive, 4 gigabytes (GB) of available space capacity on the installation drive. Drive DVD-ROM or CD-ROM drive and Floppy drive Display Super VGA (1024 x 768) or higher resolution. These are all the software requirements needed Minimum Requirements Operating Systems Windows XP Service Pack Final, Windows Vista, or Windows 7 any edition with MS-Office. H I S T O R Y DMC Companys history is not that much as the company only established two years ago, but in those two years we can say that the company earned its name and make various successful that led it to earn a respectful history archive in the day it starts doing business till our day now. Specification for New System The main purpose from making this new application in my company is 1st to achieve the objectives that DMC is aiming to achieve, 2nd to make the business much easier for the customer and the employee as each of them will have the advantage of these kind of applications in our business. Also the cars sales section (which is the Cars Details) will be much more attractive this way, and as it shows all the possible information that needed at the same time. That goes for the employee and customers tables as well; they are helping the company over all by making it progressing even much faster and also to reduce the paper work. About Us table shows the company in a really short cut way, and its true words shows on this section, also for the producer of this application to have his word on that section. Also the shipment tables is an important section and it is one of the reasons to determine whether a certain car sales company is really know about its business and can keep up, or sadly but have no idea about this field of business as it helps a lot in showing exactly the steps taking to ship your car and to not need to discuss any of the employee about it because it is very clear. On the other hand, last one but not last, is Plate Info table, which holds all the plate number for the cars that have been purchased from our company, and also saving the numbers from the other cars for the customers that are ding services for their own car. BUISNESS ACTIVITIES OPERATIONS DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONS Þ Assign an Employee to handle a certain invoice. Þ Check the Country of the Customer to make the delivery shipment service for his/her order. Þ Adding an Employee to the company. Þ Assign a Unique ID to a Customer. Þ Adding a new Car to the showcase. Operation Name: Assign an Employee to handle a certain invoice. Description: This operation handles the fact that when we are having a new invoice table, we hand it over to a certain employee, and a (certain) employee means that he/she is not busy with another invoice or another operation in the moment. Input: The assigned Employee must appear his/her unique ID number, along with his name, and should be clear to read. Output: The Employee will be responsible for that invoice, and handle its full data. ============================ Operation Name: Check the Country of the Customer to make a delivery shipment service for his/her order. Description: This operation handles the action when the Customer wants to make a shipment service for his current order and to make it to a certain country. Input: The Customer must give information about the destination (Country) area where he/she wants to deliver the order. Output: The Customer will be given an information about the shipment service such as the fee that known for that country. ============================ Operation Name: Adding an Employee to the company. Description: As DMC expanding greatly in the past years, we are making this issue more than usual lately, and it is about recruiting a new employee to the company, further adding his information to the database. Input: For this operation we need to have the new Employee Name, Age, Nationality, and his/her Date of Birth to be able to add him/her to our database. Output: The new Employee will be added to our database, and will be given a Unique ID number to be known as one of DMC employees. ============================ Operation Name: Assign a Unique ID to a Customer. Description: This operation deals with having a new customer and need to be having his/her information in our database to be given an ID number for easily checking the customer status when he/she makes more orders in the future. Input: To make this operation successful, we need to have basic information yet helpful for us such as Name, Age, and Contact number. Output: The Customer has been given a unique ID number. BUSINESS ACTIVITIES This section describes the operations of DMC Company which is as I mentioned before but in more specific it deals with car sales that the company get from other retailers which recently built up a really strong relationship with DMC and are getting the best deals to expand our business. So mainly DMC deals with customers with services, and we do car sale business, also we are very restrict with our system and the invoice we made are very clear for every car, further our employees are doing their best in every deal been made for each car. And more to mention here for our upcoming Database building is that we are going to build a new design system model that contains Cars, Employee, Invoice, Shipment, and Customer. Those Five elements that I mentioned above will be our main focus on this database design, as it is in general what DMC is is all about. For that matter here we are going to explain in details every Element we have for our Design Model, been explained by including its Attributes and a brief description about its main purpose. And every element will be known later on in the database description as Entity. Invoice Entity This entitys main purpose is to keep track of the sales, and for every deal that have been sold by whom as an employee and for whom as a customer, also it will display all the data necessary about the product (Car) AND ITS Unique ID, plus other major information such as total price and the invoice reset number, whats more is this entity acts as the main entity related to all the other entities as it is also related to the (Shipment) entity as it also saves the shipment number in the invoice paper. The Attributes that have been made for this Entity are: Invoice_Number, Customer_ID, Employee_ID, Shipment_Nmber, Total_Price, and Car_ID, and we will be talking about all the attributes for every entity in more details later on. Cars Entity This entity deals with all the cars that the company DMC stores, and contains all its details such as the car brand name, its color and the car ID, and the shipment number for every specific shipment that been made, along with the most important attribute for all the customers which is: the cars price. Employee Entity This entity here will be busy of containing the Employee_ID, Name, Age, Nationality, and Date of Birth, it will be also including two separated types of employees and they are: Part Time, and Full Time. Customer Entity This Entity is busy with giving the full information needed about the customers we are dealing with such as their Customer_ID, Name, Age, Contact_Number, and these information will be helpful in many facts in our company such as in making our invoices and assigning a specific car for a certain customer. Shipment Entity Shipment entity is one of the services that made our company earn its name in such a short time, as this service allow a full shipment service for as much as needed for cars for our customers viewed with its price, and a unique Shipment_Number, also the Country attributes as it tells the destination for each shipment services and the Fee attribute to tells the price for each country shown on the list. BUSINESS RULES In this section we will be listing DMC companys main rules in its business, as for our customers for an example they are able to buy as much cars as they can with no any problems but for our cars in the stock we cannot offer to sell the car for more than one and only one customer, also with our employees as any 1 of our employees can deal with more than just one car, but for the cars they should be dealt with only one employee to make the sell process. And as for these examples here we will be listing all the business rules for our company to make sure to be followed as it is: For every Shipment service that been made, it has to be assigned into an invoice that is related to it and that is a MUST. Every Car in stock can have one invoice specialize for it; same goes for the invoice as we made only one car can fit in each invoice rather than more than just one to make the business more flexible. Every Car can have a shipment service depends on the customers need, and as for this shipment service, it can be done for more than just one car as well, but it should be made for at least one car for this service to be available. For every single customer, he/she can belong to more than just one invoice depends on the orders he/she made and how many cars been bought, and in the other hand for the invoice it can only belong to one and only one customer, means we cannot include two customers buying the same car model in one invoice because they sold the same car model. Every employee can handle more than just one invoice when making the selling process, he/she can serve more than just one invoice, but for the invoices, every invoice should be handled by only one employee. Also we have to make sure that we wont start the buying process for our customers unless we have their personal data in our database system. For our new employees, we cannot let them start working in active business unless the process of having their personal information inside our database is done. INITIAL E.R DESIGN SPECIFICATION TABLE SPECIFICATION Inside DMC database I would like to create few modules and show the way to create them, and the purpose of making them, plus the reason of every column, so they can help me on the objectives Im aiming to achieve which they are: Database Description My database consists of five tables (And two sub-type tables that will be mentioned later on) and they are: Cars Invoice Customer Employee Shipment Table Specification Table Name: Invoice Table Description: To be used as a reference of all the sales of the company. Attribute of the Table: Invoice_Number, Customer_ID, Car_ID, Employee_ID, Shipment_Number, Total_Price. Table Type: Independent. Primary Key: Invoice_Number. ============================ Table Name: Customer Table Description: To be shown the customer basic information, along with his/her unique ID number. Attribute of the Table: Customer_ID, Name, Age, Contact_Number. Table Type: Independent Primary Key: Customer_ID ============================ Table Name: Employee Table Description: To be shown the Employee private data inside the database. Attribute of the Table: Employee_ID, Name, Nationality, Date of Birth. Table Type: Independent (Supertype) Primary Key: Employee_ID ============================ Table Name: Cars Table Description: To be shown the Car basic data, along with the cars price and its shipment number. Attribute of the Table: Brand_Name, Color, Car_ID, Shipment_Number, Price. Table Type: Independent Primary Key: Car_ID ============================ Table Name: Shipment Table Description: To be shown more specific information about the shipment service, such as the countries that are available for the service, plus the fee. Attribute of the Table: Shipment_Number, Country, Fee Table Type: Independent Primary Key: Shipment_Number ============================ Table Name: Full Time Table Description: To be shown more specific information about the Full Time employees, such as the Salary for the Full Time employees section, and the administration section which shows each full time employee and hi/her related administration division, along with the Employee ID. Attribute of the Table: Employee_ID, Salary, and Administration. Table Type: Independent (Subtype) Primary Key: Employee_ID ================================ Table Name: Part Time Table Description: To be shown more specific information about the Part Time employees, such as their Salary as well, and the Part time employees time shifting for their work time, and for sure their employee ID.. Attribute of the Table: Employee_ID, Salary, and Time Shifting. Table Type: Independent (Subtype) Primary Key: Employee_ID ATTRIBUTE SPECEFICATION 1. Invoice Entity Name: Invoice Primary Key: Invoice_Number Name Datatype Length Classification Allow Null Constraints Description Invoice_Number Int Simple No Unique A certain unique numbers to keep track of each invoice Customer_ID Varchar (10) Simple No Unique The ID for a customer Employee_ID INT (10) Simple No Unique The unique ID for an employee Car_ID Varchar (10) Simple No Unique The ID for a car Total_Price Double Simple No Unique Total price of a certain invoice Shipment_Number Int (10) Simple No Unique Unique number made for a certain shipment made 2. Cars Entity Name: Cars Primary Key: Car_ID Name Datatype Length Classification Allow Null Constraints Description Brand_Name VarChar (20) Simple No Unique Model name of the car Color VarChar (10) Simple No Unique Color of the car Car_ID Varchar (10) Simple No Unique The ID for a car Shipment_Number Int (20) Simple No Unique Unique number made for a certain shipment made Price Double Simple No Unique Actual Price of a car 3. Employee Entity Name: Employee Primary Key: Employee_ID Name Datatype Length Classification Allow Null Constraints Description Employee_ID INT (10) Simple No Unique The unique ID for an employee Name VarChar (20) Simple No Unique The first name of employee Nationality Varchar (20) Simple No Unique The employees nationality Date of Birth Date Simple No Unique The employees date of birth 4. Customer Entity Name: Customer Primary Key: Customer_ID Name Datatype Length Classification Allow Null Constraints Description Customer_ID Varchar (10) Simple No Unique The ID for a customer Name VarChar (10) Simple No Unique The first name of a customer Age Int (2) Simple No Unique The customer age Contact_Number Int (10) Simple No Unique Customer Contact number 5. Shipment Entity Name: Shipment Primary Key: Shipment_Number Name Datatype Length Classification Allow Null Constraints Description Shipment_Number Int (20) Simple No Unique Unique number made for a certain shipment made Country VarChar (10) Simple No Unique The country where the shipment destination Fee Int (5) Simple No Unique The price of the shipment 6. Full Time (Sub-Type Entity) Entity Name: Full Time Primary Key: Employee_ID Name Datatype Length Classification Allow Null Constraints Description Employee_ID INT (10) Simple No Unique The unique ID for an employee Salary Currency Simple No Unique The salary of a particular employee Administration VarChar (20) Simple No Unique The certain task that the employee is responsible for 7. Part Time (Sub-Type Entity) Entity Name: Part Time Primary Key: Employee_ID Name Datatype Length Classification Allow Null Constraints Description Employee_ID INT (10) Simple No Unique The unique ID for an employee Salary VarChar (10) Simple No Unique The salary of a particular employee Time Shifting Date/Time Simple No Unique The certain day that the employee have his/her work shifts on CODING CREATING OF TABLES CREATING OF TABLES As for my companys project for our database I used Microsoft Office Access 2007, and I started creating tables on it. [1] Cars Table Script Name Create Cars Table CREATE TABLE Cars ( Car_ID VARCHAR PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, Brand_Name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, Color VARCHAR(10) , Shipment_Number INTEGER(20) NOT NULL, Price Double NOT NULL, ); [2] Invoice table Script Name Create Invoice Table CREATE TABLE Invoice ( Invoice_Number INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, Customer_ID VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, Car_ID VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, Shipment_Number INTEGER(10) NOT NULL, Price Double NOT NULL, ); [3] Customer table Script Name Create Customer Table CREATE TABLE Customer ( Customer_ID VARCHAR PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, Name VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, Age INTEGER(2) NOT NULL, Contact_Number INTEGER(10) NOT NULL, ); [4] Employee table Script Name Create Employee Table CREATE TABLE Employee ( Employee_ID VARCHAR PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, Name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, Nationality VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, Date of Birth Date NOT NULL, ); [5] Shipment table Script Name Create Shipment Table CREATE TABLE Shipment ( Shipment_Number INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, Country VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, Fee INTEGER(10) NOT NULL, ); CONSTRAINTS SPECIFICATION Generalization hierarchy on an Employee. Description: This hierarchy assigns the Employee entity as Supertype, and Full Time, Part Time as Subtypes, and since the both subtypes have many similarities, the Supertype have the attributes in common to the subtypes and they are: Employee_ID, Name, Nationality, Date of Birth. . The subtypes cannot be one in another, means the Full Time employee cannot be a Part Time employee, and therefore this generalization hierarchy is of the type disjoint. Type: Disjoint Super type Entity: Employee Super type Primary Key: Employee_ID Common Attributes: Employee_ID, Name, Nationality, Date Of Birth. Constraints Full Time: This subtype entity shows certain data about the Full time employees in the company and their related information which is needed to our database. As for the attributes for this entity: Employee_ID, Salary, Administration. Part Time: This subtype entity shows the data the other type of employees which is the part time employee type. As for the attributes for this entity: Employe_ID, Salary, Time shifting, INITIAL POPULATING OF TABLES Cars Table Populating Table (Cars) INSERT INTO Cars (Brand_Name, Color, Car_ID, Shipment_Number, Price) VALUES (Mustang, Orange, 17111, 11333, 40000) ; Invoice Table Populating Table (Invoice) INSERT INTO Invoice (Invoice_Number, Customer_ID, Car_ID, Employee_ID, Shipment_Number, Total_Price) VALUES (11, 9844, 17633, 1432, 11771, 25) ; Customer Table Populating Table (Customer) INSERT INTO Customer (Customer_ID, Name, Age, Contact_Number) VALUES (9020, Avinash, 39, 2800131) ; Employee Table Populating Table (Employee) INSERT INTO Employee (Employee_ID, Name, Nationality, Date of Birth) VALUES (1422, Vadimas, Libyan, 2/21/1986) ; Shipment Table Populating Table (Shipment) INSERT INTO Shipment (Shipment_Number, Country, Fee) VALUES (11311, Germany, 130) ; Full Time Table Populating Table (Full Time) INSERT INTO Full Time (Employee_ID, Salary, Administration) VALUES (1433, 1300, Secretary) ; Part Time Table Populating Table (Part Time) INSERT INTO Part Time (Employee_ID, Salary, Time Shifting) VALUES (1441, 2000, 3/23/2009) ; USERS INPUT (INSERTION, DELETION, UPDATE) INSERTION: Add New Car (Cars Table) Query name: Insert (New Car in the cars showcase) INSERT INTO Cars (Brand_Name, Color, Car_ID, Shipment_Number, Price) VALUES ([Type the Cars Brand], [Type the Color of the Car ], [The Car ID], [The Shipment Number related to this Car], [The Price of this Car is); INSERTION 2 Here we are going to try to insert a new data into the Shipment form, as we will be using it through the Shipment form insertion button included in that form. Then here the database will ask you if your up for inserting new data into that form And here the data has been inserted successfully below UPDATE: Update New Customer (Customer Table) Query name Update (New Customer in the Customers Table) UPDATE Customer SET Contact_Number = [Enter Customers phone number] WHERE Customer_ID = [ID]; DELETION: Delete a Shipment Country (Shipment Table) DELETE * FROM Shipment WHERE Country = [Enter the Country that will be eliminated]; PERFORMING QUERIES, SUB-QUERIES QUERY [1] (Performing Alias technique into a Query) Description: To manage all the Employees names into one query QUERY [2] (Performing Function technique into a Query) Description: To display all the cars available at the moment QUERY [3] (Performing Concatenation technique into a Query) Description: To give a brief description about each car in the showcase QUERY [4] (Performing Sub-Query technique into a Query) Description: To Create a query from the employee data where it concern only employees who are British. QUERY [5] (Performing another Sub-Query technique into a Query) Description: To Create a query from the Cars data where it concern only the minimum prices of listed cars plus be grouped by the cars brand name. TESTING Test case : 1 Objectives : To use ALIAS in Employee Table Test Data : SELECT NAME AS FULLNAME FROM Employee; Expected Test Result : To display the corresponding records. Actual Test Result : As shown in the image below. Conclusion : Success. The record was displayed. Test case : 2 Objectives : To use ALIAS in Customer Table Test Data : SELECT Name AS CustomerName FROM Customer; Expected Test Result : To display the corresponding records. Actual Test Result : As shown in the image below. Conclusion : Success. The record was displayed. Test case : 3 Objectives : To use ARITHMETIC in Car Table Test Data :SELECT Car_ID, Brand_Name, (Price*2) AS [Price with Shipment] FROM Cars; Expected Test Result : To display the corresponding records. Actual Test Result : As shown in the image below. Conclusion : Success. The record was displayed. Test case : 4 Objectives : To Create Shipment Table Test Data : CREATE Table Shipment ( Shipment_Number int (5), Country varchar (10), Fee money (10) ) ; Expected Test Result : To display the corresponding records. Actual Test Result : As shown in the image below. Conclusion : Success. The record was displayed. Test case : 5 Objectives : To use COMPARISON in Cars Table Test Data : SELECT Car_ID, Brand_Name FROM Cars WHERE Price>6000; Expected Test Result : To display the corresponding records. Actual Test Result : As shown in the image below. Conclusion : Success. The record was displayed. Test case : 6 Objectives : To use COMPARISON in Shipment Table Test Data : SELECT Shipment_Number, Country FROM Shipment WHERE Fee Expected Test Result : To display the corresponding records. Actual Test Result : As shown in the image below. Conclusion : Success. The record was displayed. Test case : 7 Objectives : To Create Cars table Test Data : CREATE Table Cars ( Car_ID int (5), Shipment_Number int (5), Brand_Name varchar (10), Color varchar (10), Price (10) ) ; Expected Test Result : To display the corresponding records. Actual Test Result : As shown in the image below. Conclusion : Success. The record was displayed. Test Database Management System for Car Company Database Management System for Car Company STRATEGY ANALYSIS DESCRIPTION OF CURRENT BUSINESS ACTIVITIES INTRODUCTION DMC is a Dedicated cars company that is specialized in Car sales business, and it was established Four years ago in 7th May 2005, and its main name stands for Dedicated Motor Cars and its main division is in Tripoli Libya, it is a company with many high workers and skilled employees working on it as they are sharing the same ambition, and always aiming for the best in their business, in both to improve their employees skills and also to provide the best services to their dear customer. DMC is really working hard to achieve a new improvement in their business every year, also to get the most popular and successful cars to get them, and for the best prices to its customers, as they are also filling their case show with a good collection in each month. As for this month they got a very promising collection of new cars that just released this year, and old ones but got well comments from millions of people who tried them, this collection will be for this year as in this time its the companys season time for the business. Current System The current system of my company is going like this, each day we are improving, and as I can see now we are well known as 1 of the top 20 Private companies in Libya, and we are also known in the other continents as well. We are also not restrict with only 1 nationality as we are offering jobs, because our company contains employees from different nationality as we have some of them in the main division and some other are in our different offices around the globe. DMC has a good budget as overall, and it is improving, also the customers are so pleased with our services in general, and our economical prices. That includes that we are always taking care of our employees in terms of payment and to keep them improving by sending them to take courses in different kind of fields. Although we are doing a pretty good job in this business field and improving by a good rate percentage every year, but we are really facing some of the major problems in our business, the main problem is that we are facing a new changes and new challenges in our business, also we have other competitors companies in the countries we are doing this business and selling our cars and making our different services. Problem Background Effects of it So our main problem actually includes semi problems that we should take care of them so we can solve the main problem, which is we really need to move on with our services with the technology we are facing these days in doing those kind of business to make it better, faster, and easier. And 1st of all is our own system in the company, because it is still not well organized as an strong infrastructure and we also need a well studied design model for this infrastructure for our company. Thats where I planned to made a Special database system to our company, which will be including our employees, our daily customers for each season, and our sales of cars on this season on as well covered by the invoice section of the company, and some specific information about our shipment idea and its fee and coverage services. The good thing is that with this new system we will be able to make a clear and direct relational between all the sections mentioned above and make a really strong infrastructure for the company plus to be able to store information and data more sufficiently. In this segment I would like to give you an idea about the goals and aims that we are aiming to achieve and they are: Improve the business even much further, to reach a new level of development. Reduce the paper work as we had a lost of some data from time to time. To always keep up with the other contenders companies so we wont lose our customers. Secure our data in a sufficient way. Provide a system where it is easy to get data for any of our customers. Improvement of production to satisfy the customers needs. Easy access to database and information used by employees. Remove barriers to widen its production by improving sales procedure and reducing costs. Hardware and Software Necessity These are all the hardware requirements needed Minimum Requirements Processor 2 Gigahertz (GHz) Pentium IV-Intel processor or Higher. Memory 512 MB of RAM or Higher. Hard Disk 900 MB of available space required on the system drive, 4 gigabytes (GB) of available space capacity on the installation drive. Drive DVD-ROM or CD-ROM drive and Floppy drive Display Super VGA (1024 x 768) or higher resolution. These are all the software requirements needed Minimum Requirements Operating Systems Windows XP Service Pack Final, Windows Vista, or Windows 7 any edition with MS-Office. H I S T O R Y DMC Companys history is not that much as the company only established two years ago, but in those two years we can say that the company earned its name and make various successful that led it to earn a respectful history archive in the day it starts doing business till our day now. Specification for New System The main purpose from making this new application in my company is 1st to achieve the objectives that DMC is aiming to achieve, 2nd to make the business much easier for the customer and the employee as each of them will have the advantage of these kind of applications in our business. Also the cars sales section (which is the Cars Details) will be much more attractive this way, and as it shows all the possible information that needed at the same time. That goes for the employee and customers tables as well; they are helping the company over all by making it progressing even much faster and also to reduce the paper work. About Us table shows the company in a really short cut way, and its true words shows on this section, also for the producer of this application to have his word on that section. Also the shipment tables is an important section and it is one of the reasons to determine whether a certain car sales company is really know about its business and can keep up, or sadly but have no idea about this field of business as it helps a lot in showing exactly the steps taking to ship your car and to not need to discuss any of the employee about it because it is very clear. On the other hand, last one but not last, is Plate Info table, which holds all the plate number for the cars that have been purchased from our company, and also saving the numbers from the other cars for the customers that are ding services for their own car. BUISNESS ACTIVITIES OPERATIONS DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONS Þ Assign an Employee to handle a certain invoice. Þ Check the Country of the Customer to make the delivery shipment service for his/her order. Þ Adding an Employee to the company. Þ Assign a Unique ID to a Customer. Þ Adding a new Car to the showcase. Operation Name: Assign an Employee to handle a certain invoice. Description: This operation handles the fact that when we are having a new invoice table, we hand it over to a certain employee, and a (certain) employee means that he/she is not busy with another invoice or another operation in the moment. Input: The assigned Employee must appear his/her unique ID number, along with his name, and should be clear to read. Output: The Employee will be responsible for that invoice, and handle its full data. ============================ Operation Name: Check the Country of the Customer to make a delivery shipment service for his/her order. Description: This operation handles the action when the Customer wants to make a shipment service for his current order and to make it to a certain country. Input: The Customer must give information about the destination (Country) area where he/she wants to deliver the order. Output: The Customer will be given an information about the shipment service such as the fee that known for that country. ============================ Operation Name: Adding an Employee to the company. Description: As DMC expanding greatly in the past years, we are making this issue more than usual lately, and it is about recruiting a new employee to the company, further adding his information to the database. Input: For this operation we need to have the new Employee Name, Age, Nationality, and his/her Date of Birth to be able to add him/her to our database. Output: The new Employee will be added to our database, and will be given a Unique ID number to be known as one of DMC employees. ============================ Operation Name: Assign a Unique ID to a Customer. Description: This operation deals with having a new customer and need to be having his/her information in our database to be given an ID number for easily checking the customer status when he/she makes more orders in the future. Input: To make this operation successful, we need to have basic information yet helpful for us such as Name, Age, and Contact number. Output: The Customer has been given a unique ID number. BUSINESS ACTIVITIES This section describes the operations of DMC Company which is as I mentioned before but in more specific it deals with car sales that the company get from other retailers which recently built up a really strong relationship with DMC and are getting the best deals to expand our business. So mainly DMC deals with customers with services, and we do car sale business, also we are very restrict with our system and the invoice we made are very clear for every car, further our employees are doing their best in every deal been made for each car. And more to mention here for our upcoming Database building is that we are going to build a new design system model that contains Cars, Employee, Invoice, Shipment, and Customer. Those Five elements that I mentioned above will be our main focus on this database design, as it is in general what DMC is is all about. For that matter here we are going to explain in details every Element we have for our Design Model, been explained by including its Attributes and a brief description about its main purpose. And every element will be known later on in the database description as Entity. Invoice Entity This entitys main purpose is to keep track of the sales, and for every deal that have been sold by whom as an employee and for whom as a customer, also it will display all the data necessary about the product (Car) AND ITS Unique ID, plus other major information such as total price and the invoice reset number, whats more is this entity acts as the main entity related to all the other entities as it is also related to the (Shipment) entity as it also saves the shipment number in the invoice paper. The Attributes that have been made for this Entity are: Invoice_Number, Customer_ID, Employee_ID, Shipment_Nmber, Total_Price, and Car_ID, and we will be talking about all the attributes for every entity in more details later on. Cars Entity This entity deals with all the cars that the company DMC stores, and contains all its details such as the car brand name, its color and the car ID, and the shipment number for every specific shipment that been made, along with the most important attribute for all the customers which is: the cars price. Employee Entity This entity here will be busy of containing the Employee_ID, Name, Age, Nationality, and Date of Birth, it will be also including two separated types of employees and they are: Part Time, and Full Time. Customer Entity This Entity is busy with giving the full information needed about the customers we are dealing with such as their Customer_ID, Name, Age, Contact_Number, and these information will be helpful in many facts in our company such as in making our invoices and assigning a specific car for a certain customer. Shipment Entity Shipment entity is one of the services that made our company earn its name in such a short time, as this service allow a full shipment service for as much as needed for cars for our customers viewed with its price, and a unique Shipment_Number, also the Country attributes as it tells the destination for each shipment services and the Fee attribute to tells the price for each country shown on the list. BUSINESS RULES In this section we will be listing DMC companys main rules in its business, as for our customers for an example they are able to buy as much cars as they can with no any problems but for our cars in the stock we cannot offer to sell the car for more than one and only one customer, also with our employees as any 1 of our employees can deal with more than just one car, but for the cars they should be dealt with only one employee to make the sell process. And as for these examples here we will be listing all the business rules for our company to make sure to be followed as it is: For every Shipment service that been made, it has to be assigned into an invoice that is related to it and that is a MUST. Every Car in stock can have one invoice specialize for it; same goes for the invoice as we made only one car can fit in each invoice rather than more than just one to make the business more flexible. Every Car can have a shipment service depends on the customers need, and as for this shipment service, it can be done for more than just one car as well, but it should be made for at least one car for this service to be available. For every single customer, he/she can belong to more than just one invoice depends on the orders he/she made and how many cars been bought, and in the other hand for the invoice it can only belong to one and only one customer, means we cannot include two customers buying the same car model in one invoice because they sold the same car model. Every employee can handle more than just one invoice when making the selling process, he/she can serve more than just one invoice, but for the invoices, every invoice should be handled by only one employee. Also we have to make sure that we wont start the buying process for our customers unless we have their personal data in our database system. For our new employees, we cannot let them start working in active business unless the process of having their personal information inside our database is done. INITIAL E.R DESIGN SPECIFICATION TABLE SPECIFICATION Inside DMC database I would like to create few modules and show the way to create them, and the purpose of making them, plus the reason of every column, so they can help me on the objectives Im aiming to achieve which they are: Database Description My database consists of five tables (And two sub-type tables that will be mentioned later on) and they are: Cars Invoice Customer Employee Shipment Table Specification Table Name: Invoice Table Description: To be used as a reference of all the sales of the company. Attribute of the Table: Invoice_Number, Customer_ID, Car_ID, Employee_ID, Shipment_Number, Total_Price. Table Type: Independent. Primary Key: Invoice_Number. ============================ Table Name: Customer Table Description: To be shown the customer basic information, along with his/her unique ID number. Attribute of the Table: Customer_ID, Name, Age, Contact_Number. Table Type: Independent Primary Key: Customer_ID ============================ Table Name: Employee Table Description: To be shown the Employee private data inside the database. Attribute of the Table: Employee_ID, Name, Nationality, Date of Birth. Table Type: Independent (Supertype) Primary Key: Employee_ID ============================ Table Name: Cars Table Description: To be shown the Car basic data, along with the cars price and its shipment number. Attribute of the Table: Brand_Name, Color, Car_ID, Shipment_Number, Price. Table Type: Independent Primary Key: Car_ID ============================ Table Name: Shipment Table Description: To be shown more specific information about the shipment service, such as the countries that are available for the service, plus the fee. Attribute of the Table: Shipment_Number, Country, Fee Table Type: Independent Primary Key: Shipment_Number ============================ Table Name: Full Time Table Description: To be shown more specific information about the Full Time employees, such as the Salary for the Full Time employees section, and the administration section which shows each full time employee and hi/her related administration division, along with the Employee ID. Attribute of the Table: Employee_ID, Salary, and Administration. Table Type: Independent (Subtype) Primary Key: Employee_ID ================================ Table Name: Part Time Table Description: To be shown more specific information about the Part Time employees, such as their Salary as well, and the Part time employees time shifting for their work time, and for sure their employee ID.. Attribute of the Table: Employee_ID, Salary, and Time Shifting. Table Type: Independent (Subtype) Primary Key: Employee_ID ATTRIBUTE SPECEFICATION 1. Invoice Entity Name: Invoice Primary Key: Invoice_Number Name Datatype Length Classification Allow Null Constraints Description Invoice_Number Int Simple No Unique A certain unique numbers to keep track of each invoice Customer_ID Varchar (10) Simple No Unique The ID for a customer Employee_ID INT (10) Simple No Unique The unique ID for an employee Car_ID Varchar (10) Simple No Unique The ID for a car Total_Price Double Simple No Unique Total price of a certain invoice Shipment_Number Int (10) Simple No Unique Unique number made for a certain shipment made 2. Cars Entity Name: Cars Primary Key: Car_ID Name Datatype Length Classification Allow Null Constraints Description Brand_Name VarChar (20) Simple No Unique Model name of the car Color VarChar (10) Simple No Unique Color of the car Car_ID Varchar (10) Simple No Unique The ID for a car Shipment_Number Int (20) Simple No Unique Unique number made for a certain shipment made Price Double Simple No Unique Actual Price of a car 3. Employee Entity Name: Employee Primary Key: Employee_ID Name Datatype Length Classification Allow Null Constraints Description Employee_ID INT (10) Simple No Unique The unique ID for an employee Name VarChar (20) Simple No Unique The first name of employee Nationality Varchar (20) Simple No Unique The employees nationality Date of Birth Date Simple No Unique The employees date of birth 4. Customer Entity Name: Customer Primary Key: Customer_ID Name Datatype Length Classification Allow Null Constraints Description Customer_ID Varchar (10) Simple No Unique The ID for a customer Name VarChar (10) Simple No Unique The first name of a customer Age Int (2) Simple No Unique The customer age Contact_Number Int (10) Simple No Unique Customer Contact number 5. Shipment Entity Name: Shipment Primary Key: Shipment_Number Name Datatype Length Classification Allow Null Constraints Description Shipment_Number Int (20) Simple No Unique Unique number made for a certain shipment made Country VarChar (10) Simple No Unique The country where the shipment destination Fee Int (5) Simple No Unique The price of the shipment 6. Full Time (Sub-Type Entity) Entity Name: Full Time Primary Key: Employee_ID Name Datatype Length Classification Allow Null Constraints Description Employee_ID INT (10) Simple No Unique The unique ID for an employee Salary Currency Simple No Unique The salary of a particular employee Administration VarChar (20) Simple No Unique The certain task that the employee is responsible for 7. Part Time (Sub-Type Entity) Entity Name: Part Time Primary Key: Employee_ID Name Datatype Length Classification Allow Null Constraints Description Employee_ID INT (10) Simple No Unique The unique ID for an employee Salary VarChar (10) Simple No Unique The salary of a particular employee Time Shifting Date/Time Simple No Unique The certain day that the employee have his/her work shifts on CODING CREATING OF TABLES CREATING OF TABLES As for my companys project for our database I used Microsoft Office Access 2007, and I started creating tables on it. [1] Cars Table Script Name Create Cars Table CREATE TABLE Cars ( Car_ID VARCHAR PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, Brand_Name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, Color VARCHAR(10) , Shipment_Number INTEGER(20) NOT NULL, Price Double NOT NULL, ); [2] Invoice table Script Name Create Invoice Table CREATE TABLE Invoice ( Invoice_Number INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, Customer_ID VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, Car_ID VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, Shipment_Number INTEGER(10) NOT NULL, Price Double NOT NULL, ); [3] Customer table Script Name Create Customer Table CREATE TABLE Customer ( Customer_ID VARCHAR PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, Name VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, Age INTEGER(2) NOT NULL, Contact_Number INTEGER(10) NOT NULL, ); [4] Employee table Script Name Create Employee Table CREATE TABLE Employee ( Employee_ID VARCHAR PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, Name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, Nationality VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, Date of Birth Date NOT NULL, ); [5] Shipment table Script Name Create Shipment Table CREATE TABLE Shipment ( Shipment_Number INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, Country VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, Fee INTEGER(10) NOT NULL, ); CONSTRAINTS SPECIFICATION Generalization hierarchy on an Employee. Description: This hierarchy assigns the Employee entity as Supertype, and Full Time, Part Time as Subtypes, and since the both subtypes have many similarities, the Supertype have the attributes in common to the subtypes and they are: Employee_ID, Name, Nationality, Date of Birth. . The subtypes cannot be one in another, means the Full Time employee cannot be a Part Time employee, and therefore this generalization hierarchy is of the type disjoint. Type: Disjoint Super type Entity: Employee Super type Primary Key: Employee_ID Common Attributes: Employee_ID, Name, Nationality, Date Of Birth. Constraints Full Time: This subtype entity shows certain data about the Full time employees in the company and their related information which is needed to our database. As for the attributes for this entity: Employee_ID, Salary, Administration. Part Time: This subtype entity shows the data the other type of employees which is the part time employee type. As for the attributes for this entity: Employe_ID, Salary, Time shifting, INITIAL POPULATING OF TABLES Cars Table Populating Table (Cars) INSERT INTO Cars (Brand_Name, Color, Car_ID, Shipment_Number, Price) VALUES (Mustang, Orange, 17111, 11333, 40000) ; Invoice Table Populating Table (Invoice) INSERT INTO Invoice (Invoice_Number, Customer_ID, Car_ID, Employee_ID, Shipment_Number, Total_Price) VALUES (11, 9844, 17633, 1432, 11771, 25) ; Customer Table Populating Table (Customer) INSERT INTO Customer (Customer_ID, Name, Age, Contact_Number) VALUES (9020, Avinash, 39, 2800131) ; Employee Table Populating Table (Employee) INSERT INTO Employee (Employee_ID, Name, Nationality, Date of Birth) VALUES (1422, Vadimas, Libyan, 2/21/1986) ; Shipment Table Populating Table (Shipment) INSERT INTO Shipment (Shipment_Number, Country, Fee) VALUES (11311, Germany, 130) ; Full Time Table Populating Table (Full Time) INSERT INTO Full Time (Employee_ID, Salary, Administration) VALUES (1433, 1300, Secretary) ; Part Time Table Populating Table (Part Time) INSERT INTO Part Time (Employee_ID, Salary, Time Shifting) VALUES (1441, 2000, 3/23/2009) ; USERS INPUT (INSERTION, DELETION, UPDATE) INSERTION: Add New Car (Cars Table) Query name: Insert (New Car in the cars showcase) INSERT INTO Cars (Brand_Name, Color, Car_ID, Shipment_Number, Price) VALUES ([Type the Cars Brand], [Type the Color of the Car ], [The Car ID], [The Shipment Number related to this Car], [The Price of this Car is); INSERTION 2 Here we are going to try to insert a new data into the Shipment form, as we will be using it through the Shipment form insertion button included in that form. Then here the database will ask you if your up for inserting new data into that form And here the data has been inserted successfully below UPDATE: Update New Customer (Customer Table) Query name Update (New Customer in the Customers Table) UPDATE Customer SET Contact_Number = [Enter Customers phone number] WHERE Customer_ID = [ID]; DELETION: Delete a Shipment Country (Shipment Table) DELETE * FROM Shipment WHERE Country = [Enter the Country that will be eliminated]; PERFORMING QUERIES, SUB-QUERIES QUERY [1] (Performing Alias technique into a Query) Description: To manage all the Employees names into one query QUERY [2] (Performing Function technique into a Query) Description: To display all the cars available at the moment QUERY [3] (Performing Concatenation technique into a Query) Description: To give a brief description about each car in the showcase QUERY [4] (Performing Sub-Query technique into a Query) Description: To Create a query from the employee data where it concern only employees who are British. QUERY [5] (Performing another Sub-Query technique into a Query) Description: To Create a query from the Cars data where it concern only the minimum prices of listed cars plus be grouped by the cars brand name. TESTING Test case : 1 Objectives : To use ALIAS in Employee Table Test Data : SELECT NAME AS FULLNAME FROM Employee; Expected Test Result : To display the corresponding records. Actual Test Result : As shown in the image below. Conclusion : Success. The record was displayed. Test case : 2 Objectives : To use ALIAS in Customer Table Test Data : SELECT Name AS CustomerName FROM Customer; Expected Test Result : To display the corresponding records. Actual Test Result : As shown in the image below. Conclusion : Success. The record was displayed. Test case : 3 Objectives : To use ARITHMETIC in Car Table Test Data :SELECT Car_ID, Brand_Name, (Price*2) AS [Price with Shipment] FROM Cars; Expected Test Result : To display the corresponding records. Actual Test Result : As shown in the image below. Conclusion : Success. The record was displayed. Test case : 4 Objectives : To Create Shipment Table Test Data : CREATE Table Shipment ( Shipment_Number int (5), Country varchar (10), Fee money (10) ) ; Expected Test Result : To display the corresponding records. Actual Test Result : As shown in the image below. Conclusion : Success. The record was displayed. Test case : 5 Objectives : To use COMPARISON in Cars Table Test Data : SELECT Car_ID, Brand_Name FROM Cars WHERE Price>6000; Expected Test Result : To display the corresponding records. Actual Test Result : As shown in the image below. Conclusion : Success. The record was displayed. Test case : 6 Objectives : To use COMPARISON in Shipment Table Test Data : SELECT Shipment_Number, Country FROM Shipment WHERE Fee Expected Test Result : To display the corresponding records. Actual Test Result : As shown in the image below. Conclusion : Success. The record was displayed. Test case : 7 Objectives : To Create Cars table Test Data : CREATE Table Cars ( Car_ID int (5), Shipment_Number int (5), Brand_Name varchar (10), Color varchar (10), Price (10) ) ; Expected Test Result : To display the corresponding records. Actual Test Result : As shown in the image below. Conclusion : Success. The record was displayed. Test

Hard Times :: Dickens Hard Times Essays

Hard Times In this paper I would like to discuss the possibly affects that this book might have had on the world, the time around Charles Dickens, and the fact that Charles Dickens paid close attention to the world around him. Charles Dickens, born Charles John Huffman Dickens, was born on Feb. 7 1812 in Portsmouth where his father was a clerk at the Naval Pay Office. Four years later his family moved to Chatham and then later moved to London. In 1824 Charles Dickens father went to Debtor's Prison. In 1833 Charles Dickens published his first story "A Dinner at Poplar Walk". In 1838 one of Dickens most popular stories, Oliver Twist, was published in three volumes. In 1851 Charles Dickens father passed away. Next in 1861, another Dickens classic was published, Great Expectations. On June 9 Charles Dickens dies, at the age of fifty-eight. And was buried in Westminster Abbey. This is the Penguin Classics version of Hard Times by Charles Dickens that has be en edited by Kate Flint, who also added the introduction. I was unable to find any information about the editor, other than her name. I believe that Charles Dickens books, this one included, have had a great affect on the world. Not only in the fact that some of the books that he has written are considered to be classic or in the fact that some of these books are required reading in many high schools through out the U.S.. But also in the fact that I believe some of his books had an influence in the way the some of the laws in his time where formulated. The way that Charles Dickens go about doing this is by writing about the social problems within the government or just problems with the way that thing are being done in general. One example that I have found was in chapter 11, page 77, and footnote number 8. The line says "I ha' coom to ask yo, sir, how I am to be ridded o' this woman." When you look at the footnote it says that this line in the book is speaking of a problem that was quite common during Charles Dickens time period. The problem that this line speaks of is that it was all but impossible for a person who was of lower class to get a divorce.

White Power :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  White supremecy is a current issue in society today. It takes place throughout the world and is a very serious thing. There are a lot of people who have revolted against these White Power groups. While trying to overthrow or supress the White Power groups, people may have been beaten or killed in some cases. There are a lot of these groups out there now with thousands of followers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some White Power groups are only in special areas. Some of these groups are non-violent and try to fight the government for there demands. One of these non-violent groups is W.A.R. W.A.R. is a group in Arkansas fighting the government for an all white city.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Awaken White Americans or our race, heritage, history, and the future of our white children will be forever lost.†(www.airnet.net/niterider) This message was written from a Klansman Anarchist unnamed in the W.A.R. group. The quote is trying to recrute new members and telling the people about there orginization. The statement also proves that in a suppressive government people proceed with agression towards others easily in a society that tries to preach peace, love, and harmony.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The other three big white Power Groups are the Nazi’s, Klu Klux Klan or KKK, and Skinheads. Nazism originated under Hitler’s rule in Germany they are striving to achieve the Arian race that is against everyone except white protestants. The KKK are a bunch of hicks with guns with a lot of followers, they are against all blacks and Mexicans. The skinhead groups always vary; most skinheads are satanists, punks, or anarchists they are mainly against the government, blacks, and Mexicans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nazi’s are the biggest hate groups in the whole world. They mainly still live in Germany and still persecute the Jewish people and any people who try to suppress them. The Nazi’s are the most dangerous group to oppose, they have about two million followers in there organization. They also have great numbers of people in the United states.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hate so cheap that even Jews are buying.† The quote is from the web site www.whitepride.net/home where you can buy Nazi music and flags. The site is trying to recrute new members to all of the White Power groups. The traditional clothes for Nazi’s were a brown coat brown pants and an armband with a swastika on it because it used to be good to expose you are a Nazi. Now the Nazi’s wear a camouflage or leather jacket, the leaders have hair, and the newer members have a shaved head and they wear Doc Martin black steel toed boots.