Themes of Violence and Conflict are Central to Romeo and Juliet by Shak

Romeo and Juliet is a play written by William Shakespeare who was born in 1564 and died in 1616, during his time he wrote numerous plays which were prolific including Macbeth, Othello and The Tempest.Theatre in Elizabethan times was marvellous entertainment. Plays would be performed almost anywhere, the theatres were new and extremely popular places for people to meet up socialise. all sorts of people went to watch plays, from the poorest people to the richest. The poor people would stand at the front while the richest would sit down and watch from a more prospering place. During 1592-93, Shakespeare wrote long poems instead of plays as the theatres were closed due to the plague. The people in this time were very religious and wouldn?t have allowed love stories or anything opposite than violence and conflict, this is why Romeo and Juliet is superseded with much violence and conflict which covers the love story in Romeo and Juliet. In Romeo and Juliet violence and conflict are ver y important as a result of the fact that two families in this play dislike each other and are feuding. This causes much friction in the play guide to a huge amount of violence and conflict.A prologue is an introduction or foreword which is used to prepare the audience for the violence and conflict in the play. This is through when it states ?Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean? this informs the audience that a high crystallize family?s blood is spilt by another high class citizen. Another part of the prologue states ?A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life, ?Doth with their death bury their parents? strife.? This explains to the audience that two lovers kill themselves and when they die they end their parent?s trouble.throughout Act 1, S... ...s is shown when she says ?Talk not to me, for Ill not speak a word Do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee.?I call in Shakespeare made his play violent because in those times people were very religious and they wouldn?t ha ve watched his plays if they wasn?t violent. This is why he couldn?t hold open Romeo and Juliet as just a love story as that wouldn?t have been allowed in those times, therefore he covered up the love in the play with violence and conflict.The violence in the play has the effect of turning it into a tragedy due to the amount of conflict and the death of Romeo and Juliet. It also creates the see to it of violence being unfair because of the deaths of so many in the play and the tragic end of the two lovers. The violence in the play has the effect of elicit the audience, causing them to worry and think about what will happen to Romeo and Juliet.

The State of Revolutionary Ideology in Modern-day China Essay -- Revol

The State of Revolutionary Ideology in Modern-day mainland mainland ChinaOver the course of history, many violent revolutions have brought frontward new leaders and new ideas. They came in a great many forms and in response to a variety of circumstances. However, the Communist Revolution in China remains perhaps the greatest recent example. Not only because it took more than two decades to complete, but also because there was an attempt to institutionalize revolution subsequently some initial changes to build state infrastructure.China is an incredibly complex entity with a history approximately 22 times longer than the United States and is as far culturally from the West as it is geographically. Particularly in contrast to the Western acceptance of dissent, has been a long-standing institution of Confucian principles. When oversimplified, Confucian principles mean that children break to their parents, wives submit to husbands, and citizens obey the state. To disagree with a super ior in China is risky business, because ultimately the most important thing is to maintain good appearances.With such a strong emphasis on hierarchy and submission to authorities it is surprising that a revolution in China ever occurred. Part of what I wish to examine were the circumstances in which revolution took place, considering that the 20th century witnessed two Chinese revolutions, the first ending the long dynastic tradition in 1911. I also wish to examine the attempt to institutionalize revolution during the early part of the Peoples Republic of China, the PRC, most notable during the heathenish Revolution, as well as look at the popular movement for democracy during the decade following the Cultural Revolution. What appears from the history of the PRC is the... ...year that is based on files released by the CCP, describes the ideas of Chinas top seven leaders. They do not promote Mao Zedong thought, nor do they push for democracy and human rights. They are technocratic and believe in modernizing China with a strong authoritarian fist.What appears through the various strands of recent Chinese history, be it related to overpopulation, state repression, or economic satiation, is a populace that is currently unprepared and uninterested in pursuing any form of revolution. The change in mindset from Mao to todays leaders marks a distinct variety from revolutionary ideology as a necessary and vital component within political life to a harmful and disruptive force. Unless a cataclysmic event rocks the political climate or an economic catastrophe occurs, it is unlikely that China will see another revolution any time soon.

Learning to Read and Write: Language on the Brain :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Learning to Read and Write Language on the BrainWhen I was little, my favorite confine was Happy Birthday Moon. For a while, it was my nightly bedtime story. Anyone who offered to read aloud to me was immediately proffered this book. After some time, I knew the story by heart, word for word. I could not quite read the book but I had memorized the framework of it and so could tell the story myself. The day that I learned to finally recognize the words themselves was so exciting. When the blur of squiggly lines on the page became letters with sound and meaning, a whole new dimension opened up. Every form of human expression is codified within some framework of expression. As an English major, I study how people manipulate and interpret delivery in order to lead. As a passenger vehicle with a reading enrichment program, I sometimes encounter kids who do not share this love of reading and writing. As it is my job to help them master and stack up more enjoyment from their dealings with language, and since brain equals behavior, I thought this web paper the perfect opportunity to ask few questions. How does the brain process language? Why do some people enjoy reading and writing better than others do? Why is it easier for some people to learn to manipulate language? And which came first the brain, or the linguistic framework that defines and identifies it? I have learned that language, like the nervous system, is a complicated blueprint which humans use to communicate with, navigate, and interpret, the world. For most people, the parts of the brain that process language are located in the left hemisphere (3). The primary sections in the brain that allow us to read, write, and speak communicably are the left frontal cortex or Borcas Area, the posterior part of the temporal lobe or Wernickes Area and a bundle of nerves called the bowleg fasciculus (3). The angular gyrus, at the back of the brain, interprets the words and letters that compose language (4). In or der for a word or a condemnation to be understood when it is read, an action potential must travel the network of these various parts. First, the information must get from the page to the primary visual cortex. From thither is must go to the posterior angular gyrus, near Wernickes area. Then, if the word or sentence is to be read aloud, it must travel to Borcas Area and the primary take cortex (3).

German Barbarians :: essays research papers

Just outside the boundaries of the Roman imperium of the first and guerilla centuries, beyond the Rhine River, and occupying the area of Central Europe of what is today Germany, lived the tribes of the Germanic people. In Germania, the Roman historian Cornelius Tacitus gave an account of the lifestyles and organization of these peculiar barbarians. These descendants of modern Germans proved peculiar in that they adopted many qualities typical of barbaric cultures, yet they simultaneously practiced virtues more befitting of advanced civilizations, values more honest than even the Roman empire of the time. The German state of warriors had a rigid code that defined how to live honorable lives and shameful acts to avoid committing, and the warriors also adhered to strict usage in their relationship with their king or chief.The climate of Germany suited the warriors well. The combination of wild scenery and harsh climate (Tacitus, Germania) had given the barbarians an inherent endu rance towards raw and hunger over time. To cope with their surroundings, the warriors had developed powerful physiques, yet their abundant resources of strength and stamina proved not to be a source of pleasure for them, for the warriors had no fondness for feats of endurance or for hard work (Tacitus, Germania). In earthly matters, Germanys apparent lack of precious metals made the warriors quite useful in regards to physical possession. They preferred silver to gold, as silver could be more easily fashioned into useful objects. Only the tribes of warriors on the borders of the Roman empire recognized gold and silver as trading commodities, while the backwoods tribes traded through the simple practice of barter, yielding one item in substitute for another (Tacitus, Germania). The Germanic tribes were by no means idle people. Not content with the quietness characteristic of daily lives built on routine, for rest is unwished to the race (Tacitus, Germania), the tribes warred with their neighbors. In most cases, the tribes did not engage in voluntarily combat to gain or defend land or to right slightly alleged wrong against them they mostly fought for two reasons. They first believed that it was easier to distinguish ones self in the uncertainty of war, rather than in the predictability of routine. So war became a way for the barbarians to prove their honor, or sometimes expose their shame, as the abandonment of the shield during combat was the height of disgrace (Tacitus, Germania).

Francine du Plessix Gray’s: At Home with the Marquis de Sade: A Life :: Biography Family Papers

Francine du Plessix Grays At Home with the marquis de Sade A LifeIn 1998, Francine du Plessix Gray, prolific author of novels, biographies, sociological studies and popular contributions to The New Yorker, published her most acclaimed work to date At Home with the Marquis de Sade A Life. A Pulizer Prize louveralist that has already appeared in dual English-language editions as well as translated ones, Du Plessix Grays biography has met with crowning achievement and recognition on all fronts. Accolades have accumulated from the most acclaimed of eighteenth-century luminaries, much(prenominal) as Robert Darnton, in a lengthy review in The New York Review of Books that compares her biography with Laurence Bongies Sade A Biographical Essay, to the list of scholars whom she give thanks in her acknowledgements for having read the manuscript Lynn Hunt, Lucienne Frappier-Mazur, and Marie-Hlne Hut. Surely, any scholar can appreciate the vast amount of research that undergirds Du Pl essix Grays narrative, and indeed, she takes coarse pains to meticulously inform the reader who might care to look at her sources and read her acknowledgements that she has done her homework and knows every inch of the scholarly terrain. Du PlessixGray wisely begins her acknowledgements with a debt of gratitude to Maurice Levers studies, which rest on years of archival research.However, what really frames Francine du Plessix Grays biography is non so much the fin du dix huitime sicle but the fin du vingtime sicle and the reality material from Sades life that made it possible to represent the Marquis, his sons, his wife, mother-in-law, father-in-law, and uncle as so some(prenominal) of the people who populate the running narrative of criminals, deadbeat dads, incestuous relatives, date-raping playboys, and battered women that fill soap operas, day-time talk, womens magazines, talk radio, and the tabloids. This paper, then, explores Sades biography not as a narrative of (the Marq uis de Sades) his life, but as a narrative that pleases todays reader because it serves up a voyeurs view of (in) his dysfunctional family life at home that we are all too familiar with. This becomes abundantly apparent when du Plessix-Grays rendering of the Marquis and the Marquises lives are superimposed over the rcit of lives that we read about all the time in the popular press and observe in television soaps and other series. Ultimately, we are interested in what such a reading, writing and representation of Sades life does to Sades effigy and status, both in the world of letters, but more importantly, in the world at large.

Francine du Plessix Gray’s: At Home with the Marquis de Sade: A Life :: Biography Family Papers

Francine du Plessix Grays At Home with the Marquis de Sade A LifeIn 1998, Francine du Plessix Gray, prolific author of novels, biographies, sociological studies and frequent contributions to The new-fangled Yorker, published her most acclaimed work to date At Home with the Marquis de Sade A Life. A Pulizer Prize finalist that has already appeared in multiple English-language editions as well as translated ones, Du Plessix Grays biography has met with crowning achievement and recognition on all fronts. Accolades have accumulated from the most acclaimed of eighteenth-century luminaries, such as Robert Darnton, in a lengthy review in The New York Review of Books that compares her biography with Laurence Bongies Sade A Biographical Essay, to the list of scholars whom she thanks in her acknowledgements for having read the manuscript Lynn Hunt, Lucienne Frappier-Mazur, and Marie-Hlne Hut. Surely, any scholar can appreciate the vast amount of research that undergirds Du Plessix Grays narrative, and indeed, she takes great perseverance to meticulously inform the reader who might care to look at her sources and read her acknowledgements that she has done her homework and knows every inch of the scholarly terrain. Du PlessixGray wisely begins her acknowledgements with a debt of gratitude to Maurice Levers studies, which rest on years of archival research.However, what really frames Francine du Plessix Grays biography is not so much the fin du dix huitime sicle but the fin du vingtime sicle and the reality material from Sades life that made it possible to represent the Marquis, his sons, his wife, mother-in-law, father-in-law, and uncle as so many of the throng who populate the running narrative of criminals, deadbeat dads, incestuous relatives, date-raping playboys, and battered women that fill soap operas, day-time talk, womens magazines, talk radio, and the tabloids. This paper, then, explores Sades biography not as a narrative of (the Marquis de Sades) his l ife, but as a narrative that pleases todays reader because it serves up a voyeurs view of (in) his dysfunctional family life at home that we are all too familiar with. This becomes abundantly apparent when du Plessix-Grays rendering of the Marquis and the marquises lives are superimposed over the rcit of lives that we read about all the time in the popular press and observe in idiot box soaps and other series. Ultimately, we are interested in what such a reading, writing and representation of Sades life does to Sades persona and status, both in the world of letters, but more importantly, in the world at large.

Product Launch Plan -Team-Mkt 571

Altadena Computer harvest-home Launch Plan Team X MKT 571 Altadena Computer Product Launch Plan Product Description Product Positioning Targeting Market Needs In 2009 approximately 870,000 full-time students were attending Canadian universities. The highest percentage ontogeny of enrollment for undergraduates was in British Columbia (6. 4%) and the highest percentage increase of enrollment for graduate students was in Prince Edward Island (38. 1%) (AUCC. ) With so many students, Altadena Computers has a large base to target and trade their special put up of customized laptops.Because of to the economic downturn the prediction in Canada reflects more people returning to college to increase their job marketability. In 2009, an increase of 4. 1% in undergraduate programs and an increase of 7. 2% in graduate programs validate the predictions. Altadena aims to provide quality merchandise that lasts longer than a few years, replacing the laptop will not be a concern for the student. Al tadena employees rely on the students to guide them in designing the perfect laptop. Channel schema Market Potential Below is data smooth by World Bank of meshwork user percentages for United Kingdom and Canada.The trend of profits use has signifi squirttly increased, doubling in the past decade. In 1990, domestic and international Internet usage was merely nonexistent and has steadily progressed past the year 2000. In 2007, Canadas Internet usage inclined to 72. 8% while the United Kingdom ascended at 71. 7% and is steadily increasing into 2008. drawframe Case 1 Domestic Location Canada In 2007 Canadas population reached 33. 0 million. Using the population data, Altadena Computers can estimate potential buyers within Canada.Internet percentages will be valuable in determining the total annual consumption and a measureable selling price of $950 per laptop. This price may be considered an expensive pecuniary however, Altadena Computers must realistically visualize price and sugar of the investment. At a selling price of $950 per laptop, customer base of 3,300,000, and an annual consumption of 10 percent of Internet users, 7. 28%, Altadena Computers market potential is calculated at $228,228,000. Case 2 International Location (United Kingdom) SWOT Analysis (Canada & England)SWOT Analysis (Canada & England) Threats and opportunities ar equally justifiable. Yes, Altadena Computers may be a new player in the game but that does not determine a disqualification for Altadena Computers. This only symbolizes a significant role on behalf of Altadena Computers to organise diligence and effective market strategies to compete with existing and forthcoming competition. Currently, management anticipates threats because of increasing competition, transportation costs, pecuniary regulations enforced by the government, and demographic shifts in the market.However, as t here are threats, opportunities also exist. Altadena Computers does more than provide college stude nts with cost effective, premium service laptops, Altadena Computers is providing essential tools and contributing to societys development. Consider Canadian Internet usage in 2008. According to the Publications section of the World Fact Book, Internet usage in 2008 was 25. 086 million users from a population of 33. 487 million residents. Most Internet users are educated meaning they have at least an undergraduate degree.Therefore, it is imperative that Altadena Computers provide this service to college students because laptops are in high demand for students. contention In a market of such magnitude, competition is expected to be fierce and strong. Dell, Hewitt Packard, Wal-Mart, MicroCenter, and Frys are some of the few dominant competitors in the industry. With the exception of Dell Computers, conveniences these businesses present are their ability to showcase crossroads and provide instant expiation. Customers can assess the product and leave with their merchandise.Although i nstant gratification is necessary for some consumers, not all customers require their product instantly. Some would prefer to build their laptop necessities and incur offering provided by Altadena Computers. The logic here is not to dismiss the competition for the possibility of that occurring is relatively short lived. Altadena Computers is a new and emerging business in the industry. Many lessons can be in condition(p) that can be applied that were previously encountered by the competition. Marketing Objectives and scheme Pricing Market Communication Canada and EnglandCommunication in marketing channels can serve as the process by which influential information is conveyed, shared decision making is encouraged, programs are created, power is put into effect and commitment and dedication are built. Communication is the bond that holds together channels of dispersion. Marketing communication builds awareness of a business, its products and the businesss position through customer fundamental interaction materials such as brochures, press releases, web sites and other forms of direct, indirect and interactive marketing.Marketing communication represents the voice of the brand and is one way to establish a dialogue and build relationships with consumers (Kotler & Keller, 2007, p. 279). Altadena Computer Company must have an in-depth understanding of the companys target audience and the process of buying, selling, and communicating to customers. Marketing communication theory are the means by which firms attempt to inform, persuade, and remind consumersdirectly or indirectlyabout the products and brands they sell (Kotler & Keller, 2007, p. 279).The marketing communication mix consists of six major modes of communication (Kotler & Keller, 2007, p. 279) Sales Promotion is short-term incentives to encourage trial or purchase of a product or service. Public relations and Publicity are programs promoting or protecting company or product image. Direct marketing is the use of mail, telephone, fax, e-mail, or solicit response or dialogue from specific customers and prospects. individualised selling is face-to-face interactions with prospective purchasers for the purpose of making presentations, answering questions and procuring orders.Publicity Canada and England Distribution Strategy Domestic and International A distribution dodging describes how a business will generate and persuade demand for a product or service. Distribution Strategy involves shifting products for point of formation to points of utilization by the end user, in a cost-effective method. Distribution strategy will identify how a business will manage the brand. Distribution strategies come is different forms (1) manufacturer ? consumer, (2) manufacturer? retailer? consumer, or (3) manufacturer? wholesaler? etailer? consumers. The process can involve longer channels including agents and brokers Types of Distribution Channels Canada and England Distribution Strategy The prima ry distribution for Altadena Computer domestic and international customer will be manufacturer to customer. The customer will have access live help to make orders and ask questions, through the Altadena Computer website or with a customer service representative that has the knowledge and ability to service Altadena Computer customers. Altadena Computers Distribution StrategyAltadena Computers must take advantage of the distribution opportunities. For example, gaining permission from domestic and international educational institutions to place brochures in the building were students have access to the information. Another distribution opportunity is setting up a demonstration area at domestic and international universities and colleges to provide information and a glimpse at the product to the potential customer. Customers preferring to buy online will have to fulfill orders and allow Altadena Computers to sell directly to customers.Customers can also engage in another distribution s trategy with Altadena Computers specialized customer service representatives to close deals. Altadena Computers distribution program will focus on the needs of the customer. Financial Information Market Research resultant References Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (2009. ) Retrieved March 7, 2010 from http//www. aucc. ca/publications/media/2009/enrolment_10_22_e. html https//www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ca. html https//www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk. html Common Wealth (2009) United kingdom. opulation. Retrieved 3-7-2010 http//www. thecommonwealth. org/YearbookHomeInternal/139560/ Kotler, P. & Keller, K. (2007). A Framework for Marketing commission (3rd ed. ) New Jersey Pearson-Prentice Hall. Kotler, P. and Keller, K. L. (2006) Marketing management (12th Ed. ) New Jersey Pearson- Prentiss Hall. Statistics Canada (2009) Population and demography. Retrieved 3-7-2010 http//www41. statcan. gc. ca/2008/3867 /ceb3867_000-eng. htm World Bank, World Development Indicators (2010) Internet_ users as percentage of _ population. Retrieved 3-7-2010 http//www. google. com/publicdata

Reflection of life Essay

America was put into a state of national depression in a matter of 24 hours. On October 29, 1929 millions of dollars was lost by the American economy in a time known as, the Wall Street Crash (this led to the Depression). Banks became bankrupt themselves and over 1/3 of the American population became redundant. The story Of Mice and Men is set during the American Depression in the American countryside where both Lenny and George whom are ranch hands are going to their next melodic phrase on Curlys fathers farm. In the book, the economic depression is generally explored and has a great influence on the structure of the book. two George and Lenny represented real life ranch hands they had, no family and dont belong no place. Most men during the economic depression had elflike to go by in terms of money and work. Most ranchmen wasted their money, stake and had little going for them as only people who were educationally equipped and also financially sustained could live well. Ranc hmen could only, work up a stake and they go inta town and blow their stake, and the first thing you know theyre pundin their tail on some other ranch.They aint got nothing to look ahead to. This became a reality in real life as fewer jobs were permanent and the little pay that the ranchmen got was so small that the only way to spend it was on drink and brothels. The American Dream was depended on greatly by most of the population of America as at this time it acted like the thread of hope that could well have gotten many people egress of the economically deprived state they seemed to be in. Both Lenny and George dreamed of owning a farm and living off, the fatta the lan. This meant living for themselves and growing their own crops to live a self sustainable independent life together. I remember about the rabbits, George, this is a very significant line, it portrays the great hope that one can slake have and that a dream can be achieved. The dream for Lenny and George was very humble. Lenny wanted to, tend the rabbits and George hoped for a place to settle down. Lenny always remembers their dream as there was a chance it could have happened.During the depression many Americans became recluse to themselves, times were hard and what little could be gained was meant for an individual and their own loved ones, this closing off is represented when, Candy spoke they both jumped as though they had been caught doing something reprehensible. This shows that Lenny and Georges dream was meant for themselves not anybody else they hoped to hide this from others so they can get their dream without others busybodied and potentially bollocksing it up. However Candys interference was worthwhile as it started to form their dream, they fell into a silence.They looked at one another, amazed. This thing they had never rattling believed in was coming true. This sheer excitement is a reflection of what small opportunities during this time made to an Americans life. Racism is greatly reflected in Of Mice and Men, during the depression, racialism was to a greater extent evident in American society, especially against the black population who were racial segregated. Crooks the stable buck is a prime example of this as he has one of the lowest social statuses and is always referred to as, spade. He is isolated from the rest of the ranch hands, you dont let me in your house to play cards, so why should I let you into my house? This sentence reveals that this action bothers him so he does not want to interact with the people that are so socially unaware of the wrong they are doing. The ranch hands seem to be oblivious to the fact Crooks is a real person and even when Crooks was allowed to join in with the Christmas festivities, he was still caught up in some degradation as he became centred around a sputter with one of the ranch hands.Yes sir. Jesus, we had fun. They let the nigger come in that night. Little skinner name of Smitty took after the nigger. Lastly, the lives of women are explored greatly. Women at this point were merely for show. There were no significant female leading in America at this point and women like Curleys wife were treated mainly as objects not real people. The life of Curlys wife was very isolated. She was thought to cause trouble this is because she was attractive and married to a man who wanted to pick a fight with anyone.A fight like that would easily arouse if a ranch hand handled Curleys wife, Shes gonna make a mess. Theys gonna be a bad mess about her. Shes a jail bait all set on the trigger. That Curley got his work cut out for him. Ranch with a bunch of guys on it aint no place for a girl, specially like her. Curleys wife is treated like trouble and because she is the only female on the ranch she is isolated. She has no female friends, men will fancy her, her husband has anger management issued and she has no morale guide.Women may have been treated more as trophy wives than they did before, we ll she got the eye, this quote is said by Candy as a compliment. Overall Curlys wife reflects closely to the preconceived notion that women could have faced but it was unlikely all women at the time would have been treated this badly, up to the point that she had been killed. In conclusion Of Mice and Men is mostly a thorough reflection of the period of time the book was written in. Both Black people and women were isolated in situations against white men who were largely dominant on a social front in the American economic depression.

Changes in Supply Chain Management

Innovations And increase In impart Chain Management (SCM) SUBMITEED BY vaibhav kumar sri extensiveav TABLE OF CONTENTS SI NO. TOPIC PAGE NO (1) Meaning and Introduction 1 (2) Tour of Developments in append 2 Chain (3) Innovations and Recent ignores in 2 SCM (4) Visited Companies DTDC 6 DHL 9 SAMTAL COLOR LTD 13 BHEL 16 BLUE DART 18 (5) Case Study on Innovations and 21 Development in SCM (Nikon Inc. ) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We atomic number 18 very grateful to Prof. R. K. SINGAL, our provide Chain Management Professor for giving us the guidance and help in grasping the theoretical oncepts of the subject and helping us in applying them lots in the reliable Life Project at Many companies of Delhi Ncr. We are also indebted to manger who has guided us during company visit, for pickings prison term out of his busy schedule, patiently answering our queries and helping us in understanding the lend ambit management innovations and ripening followed at that particular company. (1) Wha t is supply kitchen range? summate chain is a bridge between petition and supply.What is supply chain management? According to the Council of come forth Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) Supply chain management encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing, procurement, conversion, and logistics management. INTRODUCTION Having achieved signifi fecal mattert improvements in manufacturing, many firms are now management their attention on their supply chains. With increased globalization, supply chains for most increases realise become longer two on the input as easy as the output sides.This, combined with the trend towards proliferation of mathematical intersections makes management of the supply chain a very challenging task. SO in disposition to produce gauge products with less cost & supplying it at less time many innovations & development has been make in the management of manufacturing supply chains. In the management of produ ct flows, the innovations take on concepts such as modularisation, postp whizzment, mass customisation and flexible automation, time- nucleotided logistics, and cross docking.In the management of study flows, the innovations include the use of information technologies and strategic partnerships to improve the hydrofoil of information. INNOVATION is it relevant to SCM? thither are some W&H questions that will prove that innovations are relevant to SCM WHY CHANGE IS REQUIRED? straight off Companies back toothnot grow through cost reduction and reengineering al sensation . . . Innovation is the key element in providing aggressive top-line growth, and for increasing bottom-line results. WHAT ARE THE CHANGES REQUIRED? Changes in thinking, products, processes, or avails are required in SCM. The goal is positive change, to make something better or improve force, productivity, quality, rivalrous positioning, commercialise share, etc. (2) HOW THE CHANGE setation BE ACHIEVED? The most successful innovation occurs at the boundaries of organizations and industries where the problems and needs of users, and the potential of technologies can be linked together in a creative process. like a grab squander a tour of developments in supply chain . Creation Era This era of supply chain management include the need for self-aggrandizing scale changes, reengineering, and d proclaimsizing driven by cost reduction programs. 2. Integration Era The development of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) systems in the 1960s & grounding of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. 3. Globalization Era Characterized by the attention towards global systems of supplier relations and the expansion of supply chain all over internal boundaries and into other continents 4.Specialization Era Phase One In the 1990s industries began to change off non-core operations & Outsourced Manufacturing and distribution . 5. Specialization Era Phase deuce Supply Chain Management a s a Service & Outsourced technology hosting for supply chain solutions. 6. Supply Chain Management 2. 0 SCM 2. 0 results the gang of the processes, methodologies, tools and delivery options to guide companies to their results quickly. Innovation, Recent trends and changes in supply chain management In the last one decade supply chain management has changed rapidly.There has been lot of involvement of new ideas. Few of them are described below- (3) 1. Shifting focus from manufacturing to outsourcing 25 years ago, most manufacturers owned their own factories and controlled their own production. They had fill out, detailed knowledge of the capacity, schedules, and costs of manufacturing. Companies could adapt quickly to changes in the grocery storeplace and restore the supply/ request balance more than easily. Figure 1 shows the once-linear kin companies had with their captive factories and sales offices. In the days before e-commerce, consumer demand fluctuated relatively slowl y.With complete visibility into their own factories and sales offices, companies could easily find the circumstance of inventory, engage in progress, and client orders currently in the supply chain. In the years since, a fundamental shift has taken place. More and more spirit, marketing, and sales take place on home shores, while parts manufacturing and final assembly are outsourced to offshore suppliers. In fact, a 2006 AMR Research study of contract manufacturing trends found that 92% of companies outsourced some of their production with 40% projecting they will outsource more in the next two years. . Emergence and proliferation of info Technology Information technology, even taken as an independent environmental factor and its adoption in professionally run problemes and firms has led to fundamental changes in supply chain behavior and further to the changes in governance structures. Virtually all sectors of pains in the developed and in the developing regions pre direct witnessed the following major trends over the past two decades Data storage costs have gone down in the past few years, while the volume of data poised for business analysis purposes has increased dramatically. The cost per business transaction as well as the net flexing and talk costs within supply chains has been greatly reduced. Simultaneously, the capabilities and the content involved in the communications and the number and relevance of IT en abled business transactions have also increased. With greater analytical capabilities and design technologies, new product introductions have increased, in part as a response to the need for greater product variety. As a consequence, product life-cycles have been shrinking, as enter for many industry sectors.The role of IT in the handling and communication of product design information is also well chronicled. These changes in IT (in particular business communication technologies) have played a critical role in enabling firms and supply chains to operate on a global scale 27. Without IT be the enabler, the disintegrated supply network cannot be managed effectively. (4) 3. In the 1990s industries began to focus on core competencies and adopted a specialty model. Companies sold off non-core operations, and outsourced those functions to other companies.The specialization model creates manufacturing and distribution networks composed of multiple, individual supply chains specific to products, suppliers, and customers, who work together to design, manufacture, distribute, market, sell, and aid a product. 4. Emergence of Retail Powerhouses The consolidation or convergence of retail channels, as in the case of the retail chains such as Wal-Mart and the accompanying phenomena of smaller stores and chains being replaced by big discount stores, not only have ad a profound impact on the supply channels, it has also changed the traditional roles defined for the manufactures, the retailers, the wholesalers and distributors . With the emergence of retail powerhouses, the large manufacturers of consumer items have seen incentives to outsource the cost and asset intensive operations to contract manufacturers, while focusing on creating and sustaining brand values through design and marketing activities. For retailers, the competition is now based on cost, logistics, and speed of innovation.These basic tenets of retail competition coupled with the change in the retail landscape have an enormous impact on the supply channels that feed the growing retail channels. These supply channels, both large and small, have to respond quicker and more economicly to customer demand patterns. As a result, retail companies have attempted to change their business models and to dictate broad strategic and operating(a) requirements to their vast supply base thus there is pressure even on large and established suppliers to conform to the specific practices and the needs of the retail channels.In order to compete in the new landscape, retailers are taking on influential role in the design of products, they are also ready to r all(prenominal) in the second tier to develop market and distribute products that in some cases compete directly with their own suppliers. In short we can define in vogue(p) trends in SCM as- Trend 1. Demand plan sets the tone Critical to the success of any Demand Plan is having all stake harbourers, including sales, marketing, finance, product development and supply chain agrees upon a consensus Demand Plan.It is important for all participants to discuss factors affecting customer demand patterns, such as new or deleted products, competitors or market conditions, the aggregate demand plans and associated revenue plans. one time all demand for products and operate is recognized, the information is consolidated into one Demand Plan. We have found that companies with dedicated resources cerebrate slightly demand planning and prophecy yield stronger results and (5) drive more v alue to their company.Organizations that focus part time on demand planning and forecasting efforts yield substandard results. Trend 2. Globalization The right Supply Chain project is critical to managing the changes brought about by rapid globalization. A well thought-out Supply Chain Network Design can optimize the network and the flow of materials through the network. In doing so, network design captures the costs of the supply chain with a total landed cost perspective, and applies advanced mathematical technology to determine optimal answers to both strategic and tactical questions.TREND 3 can be found with Sales and operations planning goation/distribution management Improved product lifecycle management Improved strategic sourcing and procurement Suppliers can differentiate themselves in a number of ways as well as provide value, additional services and capabilities to their customers. The differentiating factors include Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) RFID Labeling and pac kaging magnetic dip shipping CollaborationTREND-4 Establishment of control mechanisms to proactively monitor the various components of the supply chain and, Information systems to connect and coordinate the supply chain as seamlessly as possible. A failure to excel at any one of these components can result in breakdowns affecting the entire supply chain. TREND-5 As the economy becomes more global, labeling and compliance to packaging requirements and regulations have become critical to success. Without adherence to local packaging and labeling regulations a product may violate local requirements, preventing it from being distributed and sold in that market.Product lifecycle management technology and processes can help ensure that products being produced and targeted for specific markets are well-managed and are compliant. TREND-6 Recent examples of collaboration have emerged in the expansion of Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) processes that include upstream and downstream valu e chain partners as regular participants. S&OP processes help maintain a well-coordinated and valid, current operating plan in support of customer demand, a business plan and a strategy.The improved resulting (6) operating plan provides the management of each partner with a complete picture of forecasted demand, supply capacity, corresponding pecuniary information with financial implications and allows them to make informed, critical decisions. We have visited some companies to show the Innovations and Development they have applied in their SCM for last 10 years Company ProfileDTDC courier & Cargo Ltd. (DTDC) was incorporated in the year 1990. Within a span of 20 years, through its business associates DTDC expanded its delivery network across the length & breadth of the country, thereby creating the nations Largest Domestic auction pitch Network. Today DTDC is the second largest Indian company in the take industry. DTDC can also be credited with pioneering the franchisee concept for the courier industry in India, and immediately has the largest franchisee network.Headquartered at Bangalore, with 4 of its Zonal Offices at Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai & Mumbai, DTDC currently serves around 10, 000 pin write in code areas and has over 3700 franchised outlets supported by 176 offices which includes its Regional Offices, Area Offices, Branch Offices, Operational Hubs and Sub-Branches. DTDC has extended its service network to the overseas market and provides services to groundwide destinations using its own branches and international associates at prime gateways like USA, UK, Singapore, UAE, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, SriLanka & Hong Kong.Thanks to its strong IT infrastructure, the company is able to deliver 10. 5 million parcels a month to customers (7) across the world. To support its ambitious growth plans DTDC has entered into an association with credit ADAG Group, and has on its Board, a goor from Reliance. Innovations and development they have taken in SCM f or last 10 years V Express for Business Delivery DTDC has lunched of V express, its new product which assures delivery of documents on the next business day. The product carries a unique feature of 100% money back if at all there is any service failure.The service shall be procurable in the 6 metros of Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata and Hyderabad in select princode areas. There will also be SMS Alert on delivery as avalue added service. SMS Courier Limited for Speedy Delivery of Intra-City Consignments DTDC has launched SMS Courier Ltd. , its subsidiary for the purpose of speedy intra-city deliveries and mass mailing activities. SMS Courier will be useful to organizations dealing in large volumes of intra-city consignments like the banks, financial institutions, insurance companies and cellular operators.The newly-formed subsidiary will ensure by the bye deliveries even to the remotest areas of the city. This service is available in the six metros and has made its entr y into Pune as well. Tie-Up with Reliance Money For Distribution Of Financial Services To support their ambitious growth plans DTDC Indias take Air Express & Cargo Company and Reliance Money Limited entered into a strategic alliance wherein DTDC will be acting as a distributor for Reliance Moneys financial products and services. DTDC already has a tie up with Reliance Capital and they would be happy to be associated with Reliance Money also.With DTDCs distribution network, Reliance Money will be able to reach out to the smallest of investors in the remotest parts of India thereby achieving its objective of providing safe and secure financial services at a retail investors doorstep. DTDC uses IT as its virtual vehicle But what made the courier delivery system so efficient? IT (information technology) of course. The operations, efficiency and customer satisfaction were all enhanced with the application of IT and this is the secret behind the success of DTDC.The company uses IT as it s virtual vehicle to provide timely and accurate information on the movement and delivery status of consignments. This is accessible through various digital modes like the DTDC website, mobile telephony (SMS) or its in-house developed track and trace facility. IT is the backbone of the entire operational and customer service process and e-mail is the lifeline of the companys communications system. Launch of clock time Definite Services Under DTDC Prime Time Plus 9) Prime Time Plus, launched under the DTDC plus banner, is a guaranteed service for time distinct deliveries of consignments within the next possible business day targeted at Time Critical Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Customer (B2C) Segments. PRIME TIME asset PRODUCT/ SERVICE FEATURES Assured Time Definite Delivery with Money Back Guarantee*(MBG). Tamper Proof Security Pouch for Safe delivery. Real time Tracking and Status update. commit High Performing Team to manage the service End to End. Distinct High Priority Operation Process. Dedicated Customer Support.Company Profile DHL are the first letters of the last names of the three company founders, Adrian Dalsey, Larry Hillblom and Robert Lynn. 1111111111111 In 1969, just months after the world had marveled at Neil Armstrongs first steps on the moon, the three partners took another small step that would have a profound impact on the way the world does business. 111111111111111 The founders began to personally ship papers by airplane from San Francisco to Honolulu, beginning customs clearance of the ships cargo before the actual arrival of the ship and dramatically reducing delay time in the harbour.Customers stood to save a fortune. 1111111111111111111111111111111111 ( (10) With this concept, a new industry was born international air express, the rapid delivery of documents and shipments by airplane. 11111111111111111111 The DHL Network go along to grow at an incredible pace. The company expanded westward from Hawaii into t he Far East and Pacific Rim, then the Middle East, Africa and Europe.By 1988, DHL was already evince in 170 countries and had 16,000 employees At the beginning of 2002, Deutsche Post World Net became the major shareholder in DHL. By the end of 2002, DHL was 100% owned by Deutsche Post World Net. In 2003, Deutsche Post World Net consolidated all of its express and logistics activities into one single brand, DHL. The worlds largest express and logistics Network DHL is the global market leader in international express, overland transport and air freight. It is also the worlds number 1 in ocean freight and contract logistics.DHL offers a safe range of customized solutions from express document shipping to supply chain management. 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Below are the global facts and figures that show you the scale of the worlds largest express and logistics network. Global Facts and Figures Number of Employees around 285,000 1111111111111111111111111111 111111111 Number of Offices around 6,500 111111111111111111111111111111111111 Number of Hubs, Warehouses & Terminals more than 450 1111111111111111111111 Number of Gateways 240 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111Number of Aircraft* 420 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Number of Vehicles 76,200 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Number of Countries & Territories more than 220 111111111111111111111111111 Shipments per Year more than 1. 5 billion 11111111111111111111111111111111 Destinations Covered 120,000111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 (11) Supply Chain Management For DHL Information Flow 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Innovative Supply Chain DevelopmentSupply Chain Management services are delivered across industry sectors and provide expertise, knowledge and resources in terms of personnel and supply chain tools. All services are targeted at optimizing logistical operations in both process and strategy, and are aligned t o the clients commercial expectations The services are as follows ?Strategic Logistics Consulting ?Lead Logistics Provider ?Consulting and providing Transport optimization Route-Pro and Trans-Pro ? Consulting and providing Supply Chain Design ?Consulting and providing Transportation ?Engineering, optimization and re-engineering Implementation and Project Management ?Process Management ?Outsourcing DHLs consulting services also offer re-organization of customer facilities, project management for customers, executing of new IT Systems, creation of tender documents and tender processing. (12) Supply Chain Re-engineering DHL works with customers to review supply chain efficiencies. One of the main tasks is to evaluate cost efficiency to ensure that costs are being driven down throughout the contract duration. Data analysis allows DHL to provide customers with what if modeling or the impact of changing the business rules. Distribution to Stores Management DHLs distributions to store sol utions are focused on helping retailers create efficient and flexible supply chains to deliver product to retail outlets at high levels of service. 111111111111111111111111111111 These solutions are built from several core services including reverse logistics ? logistics network strategy ?warehouse design and simulation ?Transport modeling. After Sales Optimisation Optimising return logistics and spare parts logistics as well as maintenance and repair services. Vehicle Management ServicesOur vehicle management services focus on the management of sales and marketing support programmes for automotive manufacturers. Combining a range of services and systems to deliver a global response, we help you overcome challenges at the end of the automotive supply chain. (13) Samtel Color Group Company Profile Samtel Groups journey began in 1973, with a pile to create a world-class organization. Today, Samtel Group is Indias largest integrated manufacturer of a wide range of displays for televis ion, avionics, industrial, medical and professional applications, TV glass, components for displays, machinery and engineering services.The assembly employs 6000 people in nine world-class factories and has an annual turnover of Rs 12 billion (USD 300M) Samtel Group has strong design and development skills and is a dependable imposter with excellent technological capabilities and a long-term commitment to the display industry. Its products are known for ruggedness and reliability and conform to the latest relevant quality standards. The collection has excellent relationships with suppliers of key components and the ability to design new products as well as set up hi-tech manufacturing facilities.Samtel has registered many patents for developments in display technology. professorship & managing director Mr. Satish K. Kaura No. of employees 6000 Corporate headquarters TDI Centre, District Centre Jasola, New Delhi We have visited one of its industries in GHAZIABAD i. e. (14) SAM TEL COLOR LTD Samtel Color is the flagship company of the Samtel group, and manufactures the widest range of people of color TV tubes in India and has a capacity of over 10 million picture tubes per annum.The company was incorporated in 1986 with a technical collaboration with Mitsubishi Electric, lacquer to manufacture 14 and 21 Color Picture Tubes (CPTs). With a market share of over 60%, it is the largest tube manufacturer in the country. Its clients include leading house servant and international TV manufacturers. Integrated backwards with its component divisions at Ghaziabad and Parwanoo, Samtel Color also manufactures electron guns and deflection yokes for colour picture tubes. Samtel color ltd. Ghaziabad Was realised in the year 1988. Inaugurated by then FINANCE MINISTER N. D TIWARI. PRODUCT MANUFACTURED & EXPORTED PICTURE TUBES MAJOR CUSTOMERS LG, VIDEOCON, SAMSUNG, THOMSON etc. TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES BTC, DELHI ASHARAM TRANSPORT society PLACED -12 LACS (approx. ) It star ted with manufacturing picture tubes of 21 . They were out sourcing their raw materials from Samsung but later they started producing their own material at their own units . They make their products according to the anticipation of demand i. . PULL STRATEGY. They are having a continuous process. (15) Innovations and development they have taken for last 10 years Joint Venture With THALES Group Frances THELES group, which has been operating in India since 1953, and has stepped up its presence in the country over the past two decades, has also teamed up with electronics manufacturer SAMTAL to create a joint venture, named SAMTEL THALES Avionics, which have an equity participation of 7426 by SAMTEL and THALES. This joint venture design and anufacture global products to make the joint venture a part of THALES global supply chain. Earlier they used to transport their products of small tones. Now they are transporting the goods in large tones. As the needs of consumers were changing & beca use of stiff competition they were approach they started manufacturing & supplying TRUE FLAT PICTURE TUBES i. e. 29, 20, 21, 14 6-7 years before. Started manufacturing the raw- materials required in making picture tubes panel, funnel, electron gun, DYs(Deflection tie in ),band etc in its different units. t helped to increase the quality & reduced the time & increased profits They are having robots in their units which help in producing quality products, reduces the time for manufacturing products. Now they are manufacturing ULTRA SLIM PICTURE TUBES as it is the need of the hour& it provides them competitive advantage over other competitors. Research is going on making LCD in airplanes. They are using new technology for producing better quality products & reducing the cost. (16) Company ProfileBHEL was founded in 1950s. Its operations are organised around three business sectors Power, Industry including Transmission, Transportation, and Telecommunication & Renewable Energy and Ov erseas Business. Today, BHEL has a wide-spread network comprising 14 manufacturing divisions, 8 service centers, 4 power sector regional centers, 18 regional offices, and a large number of project sites spread all over India and abroad. BHEL is one of the largest exporters of engineering products & services from India.BHEL has established its computer addresss in around 60 countries of the world, ranging from the United States in the West to New Zealand in the Far East. Its export range include individual products to complete power stations, turnkey contracts for power plants, EPC contracts, HV/EHV Sub-stations, O services for familiar technologies, specialized after-market services like Residual Life Assessment (RLA) studies and retrofitting, refurbishing & overhauling, and supplies to manufacturers & EPC contractors.BHELs product range include Steam turbines and generators of up to 500MW capacity for utility and combined-cycle applications Steam turbines for CPP applications Gas turbines of up to 260MW (ISO) rating Custom-built conventional hydro turbines of Kaplan, Francis and Pelton types with matching generators, pump turbines with matching motor-generators Spherical, butterfly and lot valves and auxiliaries for hydro station HSD, LDO, FO, LSHS, natural-gas/biogas based diesel power plant Industrial turbo-sets of ratings from 1. to 120MW Steam generators for utilities, ranging from 30 to 500MW capacity, using coal, lignite, oil, natural gas or a combination of these fuels powderize fuel fired boilers Stoker boilers Atmospheric fluidized bed combustion boilers Circulating fluidized bed combustion boilers Waste heat recovery boiler Boiler Auxiliaries fondness Exchangers & Pressure Vessels Pumps Power Station Control Equipment Switchgears Bus Ducts Transformers Insulators Capacitors Energy Meters etc. (17) Classification of MaterialsThe materials for procurement can be classified in two categories Direct Materials Materials, which go directly into the Pr oject/ Product/ Site/ Systems. Indirect Materials Materials other than above, such as consumables/ packing etc which are used in manufacture of despatchable products and materials such as coal, cement, kerosene, oil etc which are used to run the essential services/ machine tools/ office establishment. Supplier registration is one of the primary and important activities of MM functions. This is the entry point of supplier in BHEL.A carefully chosen supplier will be an asset to the organization. DEMAND FORECASTING METHOD? rudiment analysis and EOQ methods. JIT does not work for BHEL as most of the procured items are long cycle items and Inventories have to be maintained to avoid any production hold ups. Normally inventories sufficient for 3 month requirements are maintained. HOW ORDERS ARE PLACED ? BHEL quotes against the tender requirements (normally global) published in all the national newspapers and also made available on the web sites of respective customers.After evaluation of all the received bids by the customer, if the BHELs bid is found to be technically acceptable and financially the lowest then the customer places a Work order on BHEL. CUSTOMER FOR BHEL? NTPC, NHPC, STATE ELECTRICITY BOARDS AND PRIVATE COMPANIES FOREIGN COUNTRIES LIKE RUSSIA, GERMANY, FRANCE, MIDDLE eastmost etc. (18) Supply Chain Management For BHEL, Company Profile sorry Dart Express Ltd. , Indias premier integrated air express carrier and logistics-services provider, has been one of the largest Global Service Participants of Federal Express Corporation, the worlds eading air express transportation company, since 1984. From 1984, Blue Dart represented all FedEx interests, under a header to principal arrangement, in India. Blue Dart-Federal Express Relationship Blue Dart and FedEx have determined a new agreement in October 1997 to coincide with the introduction by FedEx of its first round-the-world flight touching Mumbai, as well as its direct entry into the country. Under this agreement, Blue Dart is the exclusive provider of transportation, (19) ickup and delivery, customs and connect services for FedExs International Priority shipments, as well as the sole preferred consolidator of FedEx services. The Alliance seeks to leverage the strengths of both organisations for mutual benefit. While FedEx focuses solely on the development of its international business, with its link to the vibrant economy of the Sub-Continent, Blue Dart continues to consolidate its dominant domestic position, and service and enhance its international customer base as a licensee of FedEx, to support FedExs international growth.The new agreement is designed to stimulate the development of Indias international express market by combining the competitive advantages of FedExs global reach with Blue Darts domestic coverage to increase the market share of both companies. Innovations and development they have taken in SCM for last 10 years TrackDartTM You can track the status of shipmen t by using the TrackDartTM box, which is available on the upper left panel of every page on our website. You may track shipments sent on Blue Dart services within India or to Nepal, Bangladesh or Bhutan.You may also track international shipments sent on Federal Express to/from India. Shipments under single or multiple waybills may be tracked using either the waybill number or the reference number given at the time of shipping. MailDartTM You may either use the Waybill Number or the Reference Number to track the status of your shipments. This feature helps you to track Single or Multiple shipments. To track the status of your shipments by Waybill Number enter the waybill numbers either in Subject or in the text of the mail, each Waybill number seperated by a comma.To track the status of your shipments by (20) Reference/Order Number. Enter the reference/order numbers in Subject of the mail, each reference or order number seperated by a comma. Location Finder 11111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111 Find the service locations of Blue Dart and the Blue Dart counter or franchisee located closest to you. You may search by city, street name or pin code to find one of over 11,558 locations serviced in India, or in 211 countries worldwide. Transit Time Finder 111111111111111111111111111111You can check the transit times for your domestic and international shipments, and for the various services offered by Blue Dart to help you identify the service that meets your requirements. Price Finder 1111111111111111111111111111111111111 You can calculate your shipping costs for your domestic and international shipments by using their Price Finder. Waybill Generation 111111111111111111111111111111 The Online Waybill generation tool helps the credit customer to generate a waybill for a consignment. The user has to enter the details of the consignment and the waybill will be generated in a PDF format. manner of speaking Book This feature comes with the online waybill gen eration module. The Address Book can be accessed by all credit customers of Blue Dart. You can create a new address list and modify or delete the addresses at any point of time. 1111111111111111111111111111111111111 (21) Case Study Case Study Nikon Focuses on Supply Chain Innovation And Makes New Product Distribution a Snap Top consumer goods manufacturers now recognize that success requires more than just making market-leading products.Having the right distribution network is just as critical. Nikon Inc. is the worlds leader in precision optics, 35mm and digital imaging technology. So its no surprise that when the company saw the next big trend in photographic technologydigital camerasthey were ready to deliver with some of the most advanced product designs in the marketplace. But to ensure that retailers could meet the demand of tech-hungry consumers and professional photographers, Nikon, with the help of UPS Supply Chain tooth roots, reengineered its distribution network to keep them well supplied.Client Challenge To support the launch of its new digital cameras, Nikon knew that customer service capabilities needed to be completely up to speed from the start and that distributors and retailers would require up-to-the-minute information about product availability. While the company had antecedently handled new product distribution in-house, this time Nikon realized that burdening its existing infrastructure with a new, demanding, high-profile product line could impact customer service performance adversely. In our business, its not enough just to produce leading-edge products, said Arnold Kamen, Nikons Vice President of Operations and Customer Service. Having the abilityand visibilityto predict how practically merchandise is (22) available and when it can be distributed makes the difference in staying ahead of customers needs. For Nikon, that meant applying its well-known talent for innovation to creating an entirely new distribution strategy and taking t he rare step of outsourcing distribution of an entire consumer electronics product line.With UPS Supply Chain Solutions on board, Nikon was able to quickly execute a synchronized supply chain strategy that moves product to retail stores throughout the United States, Latin America and the Caribbean, and allows Nikon to stay focused on the business of developing and marketing precision optics. Our Solution Starting at Nikons manufacturing centers in Korea, Japan and Indonesia, UPS Supply Chain Solutions manages air and ocean freight and related customs brokerage.Nikons freight is tell to Louisville, Kentucky, which not only serves as the all-points connection for UPSs global operations, but also is home to the UPS Supply Chain Solutions Logistics Center main campus. Here, merchandise can either be kitted with accessories such as batteries and chargers, or repackaged to in-store display specifications. Finally, the packages are distributed to literally thousands of retailers across th e U. S. , or shipped for export to Latin American or Caribbean retail outlets and distributors, using any of UPSs worldwide transportation services to provide the final delivery. 23) With the UPS Supply Chain Solutions system in place, the process calibrates the movement of goods and information by providing SKU-level visibility within complex distribution and IT systems. UPS also provides Nikon advance shipment notifications throughout the U. S. , Caribbean and Latin American markets. The result a snap shot of the supply chain that rivals the performance of a Nikon camera. Nikon has already seen the results of its innovation in both digital technology and product distribution. The consumer digital camera sector is one of Nikons fastest growing product lines.In addition, supply chain performance and customer service are measurably improved. Products leaving Nikon manufacturing facilities in Asia can now be on a retailers shelf in as few as two days. While products are en route, Niko n also has the ability to keep retailers informed of delivery times and to adjust them as needed, so that no retailer needs to miss sales opportunities callable to lack of product availability. UPS Supply Chain Solutions is forging a broad spectrum of creative solutions to support the Nikon supply chain, including logistics, transportation, freight and customs brokerage services.Synchronizing those pieces to work together gives Nikon a significant advantage in leveraging the competitive strengths of UPS Supply Chain Solutions. Through a combination of UPS services, we have been able to greatly shorten our supply chain, Kamen said. Although we are achieving greater speeds, we have better visibility of our products, which enables us to provide a higher level of service to retailers and ultimately, the final customer. Once (24) again, Nikon leads the market in leveraging the latest developments in technology. Thank You

Benefits of Cost Accounting Information

personify chronicle offers benefits for manufacturing companies. A cost history information system offers benefits for many companies. Cost accounting is a type of accounting method concerned with the cost of goods manufactured and /or sold. Many factors argon taken into consideration when cost accountants go business be . The information acquired by these accountants is used for inventory valuation , financial statements and decision making .Inventory Valuation Cost accounting offers the benefit of having an accurate inventory valuation of all inventories on hand . This includes all raw products used to make goods , all work-in -process inventories and all stainless goods ready for sale. Cost accountants take all costs into consideration and are able to determine the value of all of these inventories on hand . This information is profitable for financial statements and for management of the company . Managers use this information to determine selling goals and production nee ds .Maximum Efficiency Cost accounting is beneficial to determine the maximum efficiency production amounts . Cost accountants take all costs into consideration when calculating this amount . Manufacturing costs consist of direct labor , materials and manufacturing overhead. These costs are all calculated and added up to find a per- unit cost price for manufactured items. When the cost price is calculated, these accountants begin determining a hypothesis of production rates .Many times cost accountants determine that if production is increased slightly, overhead costs remain the same. If this is the case, increasing production in truth results in a lower per -unit cost for production , and the end result is a higher profit . Decision Making The information determined by cost accountants is used for decision making for future company needs . Short -term goals and decisions are made as well as long-term strategic decisions. The analysis of cost information is used to compare projected costs to actual costs .This is useful for businesses when budgets are created . Often times, unforeseen costs follow with production , and they are determined in this way. Unforeseen costs are added into the future budgets at rates calculated by cost accountants . Cost accounting also helps companies establish approximate future cash flows . Short -term production goals and marketing decisions are set based on this information. Long -term production plans are also calculated.